[323] De Officiis, lib. i., ca. xxxvi. It is impossible not to be reminded by this passage of Lord Chesterfield's letters to his son, written with the same object; but we can see at once that the Roman desired in his son a much higher type of bearing than the Englishman. The following is the advice given by the Englishman: "A thousand little things, not separately to be defined, conspire to form these graces--this 'je ne sais quoi' that always pleases. A pretty person; genteel motions; a proper degree of dress; an harmonious voice, something open and cheerful in the countenance, but without laughing; a distinct and properly raised manner of speaking--all these things and many others are necessary ingredients in the composition of the pleasing 'je ne sais quoi' which everybody feels, though nobody can describe. Observe carefully, then, what displeases or pleases you in others, and be persuaded that, in general, the same thing will please or displease them in you. Having mentioned laughing, I must particularly warn you against it; and I could wish that you may often be seen to smile, but never heard to laugh, while you live." I feel sure that Cicero would laugh, and was heard to laugh, and yet that he was always true to the manners of a gentleman. [324] De Officiis, lib. i., ca. xlii. [325] De Officiis, lib. ii., l. [326] Ibid., lib. ii., ca. xiii. [327] Ibid., lib. ii., ca. xiv. [328] De Officiis, lib. ii., ca. xxiv. [329] Ibid., lib. iii., ca. i. [330] De Republica, lib. vi. It is useless to give the chapters, as the treatise, being fragmentary, is differently divided in different editions. [331] Ad Archiam, ca. xii. [332] De Republica, lib. vi. [333] Academica, 2, lib. i., ca. vii. [334] Academica, 1, lib. ii., ca. xxxviii. [335] De Officiis, lib. i., ca. xliv. [336] Tusc. Disputationes, lib. i., ca. xxx. [337] De Finibus, lib. v., ca. xxiii. INDEX. A. Abeken, German, biographer of Cicero, ii., 39. "Abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit," i., 228. Academica, The, i., 33; ii., 251, 281. Actio Prima, contra Verrem, i., 139. Actio Secunda, contra Verrem, i., 138. Aculeo, Cicero's uncle, i., 42. Adjournments, on account of games in the trial of Verres, i., 138. Advocate, duty in Rome, i., 85, 165; his duties, ii., 319. AEdile, Cicero as, i., 162. "AEstimatum," tax on corn in Sicily, i., 152. Agrarian law, two speeches, i., 190; two supplementary speeches, 191. [Greek:Aideomai Troas], i., 288. Allobroges, their ambassadors, i., 230; alluded to by Horace, 231; rewarded, 233. AEmilius, the Consul, bribed by Caesar, ii., 116. Amanus, Cicero's campaign at the mountain range, ii., 90. Amicitia, De, ii., 252; Laelius tells its praises, 313. Amnesty, granted after Caesar's death, ii., 181; Cicero's opinion respecting it, 214. Anatomical researches, ii., 296.