The Life of CrustaceaCalman, W. T. (William Thomas)
Science
The Life of Crustacea
Calman, W. T. (William Thomas)
Crustacea
Numerous other species of Natantia are used for food in various parts of
the world, but the only ones that need be further mentioned here are the
River Prawns of the genus _Palæmon_, which are abundant in the fresh
waters of most tropical countries, and sometimes grow to a very large
size. They are generally distinguished by the fact that the legs of the
second pair are very long, forming powerful pincer-claws. In the West
Indies and Central America, _P. jamaicensis_ (Plate XXI.), which reaches
a length of 10 inches exclusive of the great claws, is sold in the
markets, while in India and elsewhere in the East _P. carcinus_, which
grows to an even greater size, and other smaller species, are used for
food. The fresh-water Prawns of the family Atyidæ, on account of their
small size, are not of much importance from this point of view, but
Professor Hickson states that the little _Caridina nilotica_, a very
widely-distributed species, is eaten in Celebes.
[Illustration: _PLATE XXXI_
THE COMMON EDIBLE CRAB, _Cancer pagurus_. BRITISH. (MUCH REDUCED)]
Among British Crustacea, the next in importance to the Lobster as an
article of food is the Edible Crab, _Cancer pagurus_ (Plate XXXI.),
known in Scotland as the "Partan." Like the Lobster, it is found on
rocky coasts in shallow water, and young specimens are often taken
between tide-marks. It grows to a size of more than 10 inches across the
shell, and may reach a weight of 12 pounds. The means used for its
capture are the same as in the case of the Lobster, and the fishery is
of considerable importance on many parts of the British coasts. On
the other hand, a Connemara fisherman, who was using these Crabs for
bait, received with incredulity the statement that they were good for
human food!
The Shore Crab, _Carcinus mænas_ (Plate IX.), is not of much importance
as food in this country, although it is recorded that fifty years ago
great numbers were brought to the London market. On the shores of the
Mediterranean and Adriatic, however, and especially in Venice, this
species is regarded as a delicacy, particularly in the soft-shelled
state after moulting.
On the Atlantic coast of North America, the most important edible
Crustacean after the Lobster is the "Blue Crab" (_Callinectes sapidus_),
one of the Swimming Crabs (Portunidæ). This is consumed in large
quantities, especially in the soft-shelled state. Several other species
of Crabs are eaten in America, including the little "Oyster Crab," a
species of _Pinnotheres_ living in the American Oyster. From its small
size, and the difficulty of obtaining it in numbers, it is a very costly
delicacy.
In the East Indies the most important edible Crabs are various species
of Portunidæ, especially the large _Scylla serrata_ and _Neptunus
pelagicus_.
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