Miss Nightingale had probably the best first-hand knowledge of any person in the country of the ills to which the soldiers in camp and hospital were subjected during active warfare, and the wealth of her experience and knowledge were given to Mr. Sidney Herbert when he started on his campaign of reform. We have already seen the marvellous change which Miss Nightingale had been instrumental in bringing about in the military hospitals in the East, and the useful work she had accomplished during the last months in the Crimea by providing useful occupation and recreation for the convalescent soldiers and the men in camp, and by furthering reforms in the cooking and diet of the soldiers. The war was ended, the army was home again, and it now remained to see that the men who took up arms for their country should have their lives protected by the ordinary rules of health and sanitation, and that they should be educated, encouraged to live like self-respecting citizens of the Empire for which they fought, and that their wives and children should be cared for. Our heroine was not actuated by mere passing emotions easily roused and as readily quieted. Florence Nightingale had sacrificed her own health to cure the ills arising from the soldiers’ neglected condition and now turned her attention to prevention. The horrors of the Crimean War impelled Sidney Herbert to concentrate his attention on army reform, a matter upon which he had been engaged before the outbreak of hostilities. Now he returned to it with redoubled vigour. Barracks as well as hospitals must be reorganised, the soldier preserved in health as well as tended in sickness. There must be good sanitary regulations, improved military cookery, and the soldier must have some enjoyment in life. Mr. Sydney Herbert had to endure his share of blame with the other members of Lord Aberdeen’s Government for the terrible sufferings of the troops during the Crimean War, but for which in the light of history no one seemed less to blame than he, if blame there was, and he atoned for it now by a long penance of work for the good of the soldier. For every man who had perished in those bitter trenches before Sebastopol, died in the ill-fed camps of hunger or disease, or groaned his life away in the crowded and pestilential hospitals, Sidney Herbert saved at least the life of one British soldier by his labours. He was the mainspring of the Royal Commission which, after the return of the troops from the Crimea, was appointed to inquire into the sanitary condition of the army, and on his suggestion and with his assistance four supplementary Commissions were issued on the subjects of Hospitals and Barracks, Army Medical Department, Army Medical Statistics, and on a Medical School at Chatham, and he drafted the code of regulations for the Army Medical Department which appeared in October, 1859.