In addition to an independent medical officer and sanitary inspector under him, “we want,” said Miss Nightingale, “a fully trained nurse for every district and a health missioner,” and she defines her idea of the duties of a missioner. These women must of course be highly qualified for their work. They should visit the homes of the people to advocate rules of health. Persuade the careful housewife, who is afraid of dirt falling on to her clean grate, to remove the sack stuffed up the unused chimney, teach the cottagers to open their windows in the most effective way for free ventilation. “It is far more difficult to get people to avoid poisoned air than poisoned water,” says Miss Nightingale, “for they drink in poisoned air all night in their bedrooms.” The mothers should be taught the value of a daily bath, the way to select nourishing food for their families, what to do till the doctor comes and after he has left. However, the first great step for the missioner is to get the trust and friendship of the women. And this “is not made by lecturing upon bedrooms, sculleries, sties, and wells in general, but by examination of particular rooms, etc.” The missioner, above all, must not appear to “pry” into the homes, or to talk down to the women, neither should she give alms. The whole object of the recommendations was to teach people how to avoid sickness and poverty. Miss Nightingale’s efforts to promote sanitary reforms were not confined to our own land, but extended to far-away India, a country in which she has, as we have already seen, taken a great interest. She had watched the success of some of the sanitary schemes carried out by the municipalities of large towns of India with satisfaction, but there yet remained the vast rural population for which little was done, a very serious matter indeed when we consider that ninety per cent. of the two hundred and forty millions of India dwell in small rural villages. Miss Nightingale prepared one of her “searchlight” papers on “Village Sanitation in India,” which was read before the Tropical Section of the eighth International Congress of Hygiene and Demography, held at Buda Pesth in September, 1894. In this she considers the condition of the rural provinces of India from facts obtained by correspondence with people of authority on the spot, and deals with the defective sewage, water supply, and the difficulties arising from the insanitary habits of the people and their attachment to old customs. “Still,” she pleads, “with a gentle and affectionate people like the Hindoos much may be accomplished by personal influence. I can give a striking instance within my own knowledge. In the Bombay Presidency there was a village which had for long years been decimated by cholera. The Government had in vain been trying to ‘move’ the village. ‘No,’ they said, ‘they would not go; they had been there since the time of the Mahrattas: it was a sacred spot, and they would not move now.’