We have no means of knowing how early Galileo discovered the fallacy of
this reasoning. In his Dialogues on Motion, which contain the correct
theory, he has put this erroneous supposition in the mouth of Sagredo,
on which Salviati remarks, "Your discourse has so much likelihood in it,
that our author himself did not deny to me when I proposed it to him,
that he also had been for some time in the same mistake. But that which
I afterwards extremely wondered at, was to see discovered in four plain
words, not only the falsity, but the impossibility of a supposition
carrying with it so much of seeming truth, that although I proposed it
to many, I never met with any one but did freely admit it to be so; and
yet it is as false and impossible as that motion is made in an instant:
for if the velocities are as the spaces passed, those spaces will be
passed in equal times, and consequently all motion must be
instantaneous." The following manner of putting this reasoning will
perhaps make the conclusion clearer. The velocity at any point is the
space that would be passed in the next moment of time, if the motion be
supposed to continue the same as at that point. At the beginning of the
time, when the body is at rest, the motion is none; and therefore, on
this theory, the space passed in the next moment is none, and thus it
will be seen that the body cannot begin to move according to the
supposed law.
A curious fact, noticed by Guido Grandi in his commentary on Galileo's
Dialogues on Motion, is that this false law of acceleration is precisely
that which would make a circular arc the shortest line of descent
between two given points; and although in general Galileo only declared
that the fall down the arc is made in less time than down the chord (in
which he is quite correct), yet in some places he seems to assert that
the circular arc is absolutely the shortest line of descent, which is
not true. It has been thought possible that the law, which on reflection
he perceived to be impossible, might have originally recommended itself
to him from his perception that it satisfied his prejudice in this
respect.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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