The Life of George Stephenson and of his Son Robert Stephenson: Comprising Also a History of the Invention and Introduction of the Railway LocomotiveSmiles, Samuel
History
The Life of George Stephenson and of his Son Robert Stephenson: Comprising Also a History of the Invention and Introduction of the Railway Locomotive
One of Trevithick's early friends and admirers was Mr. Blackett,
of Wylam. The Wylam wagon-way is one of the oldest in the north of
England. Down to the year 1807 it was formed of wooden spars or rails,
laid down between the colliery at Wylam--where old Robert Stephenson
worked--and the village of Lemington, some four miles down the Tyne,
where the coals were loaded into keels or barges, and floated down
past Newcastle, to be shipped for London. Each chaldron-wagon had a
man in charge of it, and was originally drawn by one horse. The rate
at which the wagons were hauled was so slow that only two journeys
were performed by each man and horse in one day, and three on the day
following. This primitive wagon-way passed, as before stated, close in
front of the cottage in which George Stephenson was born, and one of
the earliest sights which met his infant eyes was this wooden tram-road
worked by horses.
Mr. Blackett was the first colliery owner in the North who took
an active interest in the locomotive. He had witnessed the first
performances of Trevithick's steam-carriage in London, and was so taken
with the idea of its application to railway locomotion that he resolved
to have an engine erected after the new patent for use upon his
tram-way at Wylam. He accordingly obtained from Trevithick, in October,
1804, a plan of his engine, provided with "friction-wheels," and
employed Mr. John Whinfield, of Pipewellgate, Gateshead, to construct
it at his foundery there. The engine was made under the superintendence
of one John Steele,[32] an ingenious mechanic, who had been in Wales,
and worked under Trevithick in fitting the engine at Pen-y-darran. When
the Gateshead locomotive was finished, a temporary way was laid down
in the works, on which it was run backward and forward many times. For
some reason or other, however--it is said because the engine was too
light for drawing the coal-trains--it never left the works, but was
dismounted from the wheels, and set to blow the cupola of the foundery,
in which service it long continued to be employed.
Several years elapsed before Mr. Blackett took any farther steps to
carry out his idea. The final abandonment of Trevithick's locomotive at
Pen-y-darran perhaps contributed to deter him from proceeding farther;
but he had the Wylam wooden tram-way taken up in 1808, and a plate-way
of cast iron laid down instead--a single line furnished with sidings
to enable the laden wagons to pass the empty ones. The new iron road
proved so much smoother than the old wooden one, that a single horse,
instead of drawing one, was enabled to draw two, or even three laden
wagons.
[Illustration: BLENKINSOP'S LEEDS ENGINE.]
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