The Life of George Stephenson and of his Son Robert Stephenson: Comprising Also a History of the Invention and Introduction of the Railway LocomotiveSmiles, Samuel
History
The Life of George Stephenson and of his Son Robert Stephenson: Comprising Also a History of the Invention and Introduction of the Railway Locomotive
Several successful trials were made with the new locomotive in the
streets of Paris, which excited no small degree of interest. Unhappily,
however, an accident which occurred to it in one of the trials had the
effect of putting a stop to farther experiments. Turning the corner
of a street near the Madeleine one day, when the machine was running
at a speed of about three miles an hour, it became overbalanced, and
fell over with a crash; after which, the running of the vehicle being
considered dangerous, it was thenceforth locked up securely in the
Arsenal to prevent its doing farther mischief.
The merit of Cugnot was, however, duly recognized. He was granted a
pension of 300 livres, which continued to be paid to him until the
outbreak of the Revolution. The Girondist Roland was appointed to
examine the engine and report upon it to the Convention; but his
report, which was favorable, was not adopted; on which the inventor's
pension was stopped, and he was left for a time without the means of
living. Some years later, Bonaparte, on his return from Italy after the
peace of Campo Formio, interested himself in Cugnot's invention, and
expressed a favorable opinion of his locomotive before the Academy;
but his attention was shortly after diverted from the subject by the
Expedition to Egypt. Napoleon, however, succeeded in restoring Cugnot's
pension, and thus soothed his declining years. He died in Paris in
1804, at the age of seventy-five. Cugnot's locomotive is still to be
seen in the Museum of the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers at Paris;
and it is, without exception, the most venerable and interesting of all
the machines extant connected with the early history of locomotion.
While Cugnot was constructing his first machine at Paris, one Francis
Moore, a linen-draper, was taking out a patent in London for moving
wheel-carriages by steam. On the 14th of March, 1769, he gave notice
of a patent for "a machine made of wood or metal, and worked by fire,
water, or air, for the purpose of moving bodies on land or water," and
on the 13th of July following he gave notice of another "for machines
made of wood and metal, moved by power, for the carriage of persons and
goods, and for accelerating boats, barges, and other vessels." But it
does not appear that Moore did any thing beyond lodging the titles of
his inventions, so that we are left in the dark as to what was their
precise character.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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