The Life of George Stephenson and of his Son Robert Stephenson: Comprising Also a History of the Invention and Introduction of the Railway LocomotiveSmiles, Samuel
History
The Life of George Stephenson and of his Son Robert Stephenson: Comprising Also a History of the Invention and Introduction of the Railway Locomotive
Like the other Cornish engineers, young Trevithick took an active part
from the first in opposing the Birmingham patent, and he is said to
have constructed several engines, with the assistance of William Bull
(formerly an erector of Watt's machines), with the object of evading
it. These engines are said to have been highly creditable to their
makers, working to the entire satisfaction of the mine-owners. The
issue of the Watt trial, however, which declared all such engines to be
piracies, brought to an end for a time a business which would otherwise
have proved a very profitable one, and Trevithick's partnership with
Bull then came to an end.
While carrying on his business, Trevithick had frequent occasion to
visit Mr. Harvey's iron foundery at Hayle, then a small work, but now
one of the largest in the West of England, the Cornish pumping-engines
turned out by Harvey and Co. being the very best of their kind. During
these visits Trevithick became acquainted with the various members of
Mr. Harvey's family, and in course of time he contracted an engagement
with one of his daughters, Miss Jane Harvey, to whom he was married in
November, 1797.
A few years later we find Trevithick engaged in partnership with his
cousin, Andrew Vivian, also an engineer. They carried on their business
of engine-making at Camborne, a mining town situated in the midst of
the mining district, a few miles south of Redruth. Watt's patent-right
expired in 1800, and from that time the Cornish engineers were free to
make engines after their own methods. Trevithick was not content to
follow in the beaten paths, but, being of a highly speculative turn,
he occupied himself in contriving various new methods of employing
steam with the object of economizing fuel and increasing the effective
power of the engine.
From an early period he entertained the idea of making the expansive
force of steam act directly on both sides of the piston on the
high-pressure principle, and thus getting rid of the process of
condensation as in Watt's engines. Although Cugnot had employed
high-pressure steam in his road locomotive, and Murdock in his model,
and although Watt had distinctly specified the action of steam at
high-pressure as well as low in his patents of 1769, 1782, and 1784,
the idea was not embodied in any practicable working engine until the
subject was taken in hand by Trevithick. The results of his long and
careful study were embodied in the patent which he took out in 1802,
in his own and Vivian's name, for an improved steam-engine, and "the
application thereof for driving carriages and for other purposes."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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