The Addington administration was just at this time formed; and Nelson,
who had solicited employment, and been made vice-admiral of the blue,
was sent to the Baltic, as second in command, under Sir Hyde Parker,
by Earl St. Vincent, the new First Lord of the Admiralty. The three
Northern courts had formed a confederacy for making England resign her
naval rights. Of these courts, Russia was guided by the passions of its
emperor, Paul, a man not without fits of generosity, and some natural
goodness, but subject to the wildest humours of caprice, and erased
by the possession of greater power than can ever be safely, or perhaps
innocently, possessed by weak humanity. Denmark was French at heart:
ready to co-operate in all the views of France, to recognise all her
usurpations, and obey all her injunctions. Sweden, under a king whose
principles were right, and whose feelings were generous, but who had a
taint of hereditary insanity, acted in acquiescence with the dictates
of two powers whom it feared to offend. The Danish navy, at this time,
consisted of 23 ships of the line, with about 31 frigates and smaller
vessels, exclusive of guard-ships. The Swedes had 18 ships of the
line, 14 frigates and sloops, seventy-four galleys and smaller vessels,
besides gun-boats; and this force was in a far better state of equipment
than the Danish. The Russians had 82 sail of the line and 40
frigates. Of these there were 47 sail of the line at Cronstadt, Revel,
Petersburgh, and Archangel; but the Russian fleet was ill-manned,
ill-officered, and ill-equipped. Such a combination under the influence
of France would soon have become formidable; and never did the British
Cabinet display more decision than in instantly preparing to crush it.
They erred, however, in permitting any petty consideration to prevent
them from appointing Nelson to the command. The public properly murmured
at seeing it intrusted to another; and he himself said to Earl St.
Vincent that, circumstanced as he was, this expedition would probably
be the last service that he should ever perform. The earl, in reply,
besought him, for God's sake, not to suffer himself to be carried away
by any sudden impulse.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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