AndLOL Andrews, The Life of Our Lord, 2d ed., 1892. BaldSJ Baldensperger, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu, 2d ed., 1892. BeysLJ Beyschlag, Das Leben Jesu, 3d ed., 2 vols., 1893. BovonNTTh Bovon, Théologie du Nouveau Testament, 1892. DalmanWJ Dalman, Die Worte Jesu, I., 1898. EdersLJM Edersheim, The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, 2 vols., 1883. FairbSLX Fairbairn, Studies in the Life of Christ, 1882. GilbertLJ Gilbert, The Student's Life of Jesus, 1896. GilbertRJ Gilbert, The Revelation of Jesus, 1899. HoltzNtTh Holtzmann, Neutestamentliche Theologie, 2 vols., 1897. KeimJN Keim, The History of Jesus of Nazara, 6 vols., 1876-81. RévilleJN Réville, Jésus de Nazareth, 2 vols., 1897. SandayHastBD Sanday, the article JESUS CHRIST in the Hastings Bible Dictionary, 1899. SchürerJPTX Schürer, The History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ, 1885-86. Division I. vols. i. and ii.; Division II. vols. i., ii., and iii. SmithHGHL Smith, Historical Geography of the Holy Land, 1894. SB Stevens and Burton, Harmony of the Gospels, 1894. WeissLX Weiss, The Life of Christ, 3 vols., 1883. WendtLJ Wendt, Die Lehre Jesu, 2 vols., 1886. WendtTJ Wendt, The Teaching of Jesus, 2 vols., 1892. EnBib Encyclopedia Biblica, 1899. HastBD Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible, 1898. SBD^2 Smith's Dictionary of the Bible, revision of the first volume of the original English edition, 1893. References Part I.--Preparatory I The Historical Situation 8. Read SandayHastBD II. 604-609. On the Land, its physical characteristics, its political divisions, its climate, its roads, and its varying civilization, SmithHGHL is unsurpassed. Its identifications of disputed localities are cautions. Robinson, _Biblical Researches in Palestine_, and Thomson, _The Land and the Book_, give fuller detail concerning particular localities, but no such general view as Smith. 9. On Political conditions, SchürerJPTX I. i. and ii. is the fullest and most trustworthy treatise. More concise essays are Oscar Holtzmann, _Nt. Zeitgeschichte_ (1895), 57-118; S. Mathews, _History of NT Times in Palestine_ (1899), 1-158; Riggs, _Maccabean and Roman Periods of Jewish History_ (1900), especially §§ 206-234, 257-267, 276-282. On the Religious Life and Parties in Palestine, SchürerJPTX II. i. and ii.; O. Holtzmann, _NtZeitg_, 136-177; Mathews, _NT Times_, see index; Riggs, _Mac. and Rom. Periods_, §§ 235-256; Muirhead, _The Times of Christ_ (1898), 69-150. In addition Wellhausen, _Die Pharisdäer und die Sadducäer_ (1874); on the _Essenes_, Conybeare in HastBD I. 767-772, also Lightfoot, _Colossians_, 80-98, 347-419; Wellhausen, _Isr. u. jüd. Geschichte_^3 (1897), 258-262; on the Samaritans, A. Cowley, in _Expos_. V. i. 161-174; Jew. Quar. Rev. VIII. (1896) 562-575.