Had Gaston been other than he was, the King would have been spared the question; for it is certain that had Monsieur only possessed sufficient courage to make the attempt, nothing could have prevented him after his retreat from Castelnaudary from retiring into Roussillon; but to the very close of his life, the faction-loving Prince always withdrew after the first check, and sought to secure his own safety, rather than to justify the expectations which his high-sounding professions were so well calculated to create. FOOTNOTES: [169] Henri II, Duc de Montmorency, Governor of Languedoc, etc., was the son of Henri I, Duc de Montmorency, Connétable de France. He was born on the 30th of April 1595, and was created Admiral of France when only eighteen years of age. His personal attractions, combined with his high moral qualities and singular accomplishments, secured to him great and deserved popularity. After having rendered the most brilliant services to his country, he was induced to espouse the cause of Gaston d'Orléans, and having imprudently exposed himself at the battle of Castelnaudary, he was made prisoner, put upon his trial for high treason at the instigation of the Cardinal de Richelieu, and executed at Toulouse on the 30th of October 1632. [170] Mézeray, vol. xi. pp. 401-405. Capefigue, vol. v. pp. 90-105. Sismondi, vol. xxiii. pp. 188-190. Le Vassor, vol. vii. pp. 192-217. [171] A Spanish coin, equal in value to a French crown. [172] Gaston d'Orléans, _Mém_. p. 131. Capefigue, vol. v. p. 129. [173] Siri, _Mém. Rec_. vol. vii. p. 552. [174] Le Clerc, vol. ii. pp. 58-60. [175] Urbain de Maillé, Marquis de Brézé, the brother-in-law of the Cardinal de Richelieu. [176] Capefigue, vol. v. p. 142. [177] Mézeray, vol. xi. p. 411. [178] Mézeray, vol. xi. pp. 415, 416. [179] Principal magistrates of Toulouse. [180] Histoire véritable de tout ce qui s'est fait et passé en la ville de Tholoze, en la mort de M. de Montmorency, 1632. [181] Sismondi, vol. xxiii. p. 212. [182] Siri, _Mém. Rec_. vol. vii. p. 565. [183] Pontis, _Mém_. vol. ii. p. 37. [184] Le Vassor, vol. vii. p. 216. [185] Le Clerc, vol. ii. pp. 83, 84. [186] Le Vassor, vol. vii. pp. 412, 413. Siri, _Mém. Rec_. vol. vii. p. 575. Le Clerc, vol. ii. pp. 82-84. [187] The Abbé de St. Germain was the author of a multitude of satirical pamphlets, powerfully written, and directed against the administration of Richelieu. [188] Sismondi, vol. xxiii. pp. 212, 213. Le Clerc, vol. ii. pp. 84-86. Mézeray, vol. xi. pp. 417, 418. Le Vassor, vol. vii. pp. 421-427. Siri, _Mém. Rec_. vol. vii. p. 578. Capefigue, vol. v. pp. 195-201. CHAPTER X 1633