relic was a forgery, just such a story might have been invented. CHAPTER X P. 218.—Latin the ecclesiastical language in the west. Since these remarks were written, I came across two short but valuable papers on the subject: P. Frédéricq, “Les conséquences de l’évangélisation par Rome et par Byzance sur le développement de la langue maternelle des peuples convertis” in the _Bull. de l’Académie royale de Belgique_, Classe des lettres, 1903, n. 11, 738-751; F. Cumont, “Pourquoi le latin fut la seule langue liturgique de l’occident?” in _Mélanges Paul Frédéricq_, 1904, 63-66. APPENDIX C EXCURSUS 1. _The Home of St. Patrick (Bannauenta)_ _CONFESSION_, 357₅: _qui_ (may refer either to Calpurnius or to Potitus) _fuit [in] uico Bannauem taberniae. uillulam enim prope habuit, ubi ego capturam dedi_. We are justified in inferring that the _uillula_ or farmhouse was on the estate of Calpurnius, and that he resided permanently here or in the neighbourhood. The analysis and identification of _Bannauemtaberniae_ (or _Bannauemtaberniae_[358]) have caused great difficulty. In the first place, the question arises whether it represents the name of the _vicus_, or is the name of the _vicus_ (in the ablative) followed by a genitive representing the region or district. Now it has been observed (by Mr. Haverfield, _Eng. Historical Review_, v. 711, and Mr. Nicholson, _Academy_, May 11, 1895) that in the _Itinerarium Antonini_ Bannaventa appears as the name of a station on Watling Street, probably three or four miles from Daventry. The idea that this Bannaventa is the place designated by Patrick has one considerable difficulty. For the only early evidence we have as to the situation of _Bannauemtaberniae_ is inconsistent with it. Muirchu states that _Bannauemtaberniae_ was _haut[359] procul a mari nostro_ (495₉), and his next words show that in his time a distinct view was current as to its identification: _quem uicum constanter indubitanterque comperimus esse uentre_.[360] Muirchu’s indication that the place was near the Irish Channel is the less lightly to be neglected, since it would best accord with the circumstances of the capture of Patrick, though of course it is not impossible that the Irish invaders might have penetrated to Northamptonshire. I therefore think that probabilities are distinctly against the Daventry theory unless it can be shown to involve a satisfactory explanation of the mysterious _bernie_ or _burnie_.[361] But that Bannaventa is the name there can, I think, be no doubt,[362] and there is no objection to supposing that there was another Bannaventa near the sea-coast. The recurrence of place-names needs no illustration. Of the two parts of this compound name, we have more than one Venta in Britain; and Mr. Haverfield has drawn attention to Banna (_loc. cit._), “an unidentified spot in the north, probably a dozen miles east of Carlisle, near the Wall.” _berniae_, however, remains unexplained.