But it is not likely that the identification offered by the glossator was his own invention; it is much more probable that it was an idea of considerably older date, and we cannot avoid asking the question how it could have arisen. It might be conjectured that the idea of connecting Patrick personally with north Britain arose there, naturally enough, as a consequence of the influence of the Irish Church on north Britain. But whether the idea first arose there or in Ireland, a delusive support for it might have been found in _Corot._ 375₂₃. Patrick’s expression there, _civibus meis_, in speaking of the soldiers of Coroticus, might have suggested that he belonged to the same place as Coroticus, and it was known that Coroticus was King of Ail (Clúade). Hence a narrow interpretation of Patrick’s expression _civibus meis_ was sufficient to generate the theory that Patrick’s British home was there, and that Nemthur was identical with Ail Clúade. This is the case against the vulgar view. On the other hand it might be argued that some things in the _Letter_ of Patrick against Coroticus—especially his quotation “a prophet has no honour in his own country”—have more point if he was a native of that part of Britain which the letter concerns, namely, Strathclyde. It might be said that the existence of some small towns, _fora_ or _conciliabula_, with municipal councils, in the province assumed to be Valentia, is not impossible, and that the existence of “Roman citizens” and Christian communities in Strathclyde is proved by Patrick’s _Letter_ for the middle of the fifth century. And it might be suggested that _bernie_ could be readily explained as a corruption of _Berni<ci>e_ (remembering Bede’s description of Whitern in Galloway as _ad provinciam Berniciam pertinens_, iii. 4, which, though referring to the political geography of his own time, may correspond to the original extension of this obscure name). Nevertheless, in the absence of any trace of a Bannaventa (or a Nemthur) in north British regions, we must, I think, give decisive weight to the general probabilities of the case and suppose that Bannaventa was south of the Wall of Hadrian, somewhere in western Britain, not very far from the coast. See further, Preface. 2. _Irish Invasions of Britain_ (1) Pacification and fortification of Britain by Theodosius, A.D. 368, 369. Chief source: Ammianus, 27, 8, and 28, 3, who mentions five enemies; Picti and Attacotti; Scotti; Franci and Saxones (27, 8, 5). Two passages in Claudian illustrate the campaigns of Theodosius. In the _Panegyric_ on the Third Consulship of Honorius (A.D. 395) we read, vv. 54-6:— Ille leues Mauros nec falso nomine Pictos Edomuit Scottumque uago mucrone secutus Fregit Hyperboreas remis audacibus undas, and in the _Panegyric_ on the Fourth Consulship (A.D. 397), vv. 28 _sqq._:—