[183] The early abbots of Hi (Iona) were almost entirely chosen from a branch of the family of Tirconnell (Reeves, _Adamnan_, genealogical table, p. 342). [184] See the bequest of Fith Fio in _Lib. Arm._ (_Trip._ 338). It is added that if there be no suitable person in the community of Drumlease, some one from Patrick’s community (Armagh, or any Patrician community?) should be chosen. [185] _Corus Bescna_, p. 73 (_Ancient Laws of Ireland_, vol. iii.). [186] Tírechán, 330₂₉, _fecit alteram (aeclessiam) hi Tortena orientali in qua gens oThig Cirpani, sed libere semper_. Cp. 321₇. [187] _Additional Notices_ in _Lib. Arm._ (338₄, _liberauit rex Deo et Patricio_). The exact boundaries of the land are given, as if from the original document. Two interests were concerned here, that of Caichán and that of MacCairthin, and the land is described as “Caichán’s Fifth.” The two men are designated as _flaith_ (lord) and _aithech_ (tenant-farmer?), and they jointly devoted the land to ecclesiastical use. [188] _Corus Bescna_, p. 73. [189] _Ib._ p. 71. [190] Cp. _Ancient Laws_, iii., Introd. p. lxxii. [191] _Ib._ luii., _Corus B._ pp. 41, 43. [192] _Ib._ pp. 39-43. [193] Cp. Introd. pp. luiii. _sqq._ [194] See Appendix C, 18. [195] Todd, _St. Patrick_, 51 _sqq._ [196] See Appendix C, 17. [197] See above, chap. vii. p. 143. [198] It has twenty-one letters, a b c d e f g h i l m n o p q r s t u v, and ng (a guttural nasal, which occurs in the name _Amolngaid_; cp. the Greek double gamma). If the Goidels had originally invented an alphabet to suit their own language they would never have constructed this. They had to resort to various devices to represent their sounds by its means. See further note, Appendix B. [199] More strictly, a new letter was added, and _u_ was differentiated into two, to represent its two sounds. It is as well to say that in describing the ogams as a cipher it is not intended to imply that they were cryptic, but only that they were not an independent alphabet. [200] For the Iberian alphabet see Hübner’s _Monumenta linguae Ibericae_ (1893). Cp. Strabo, 3. 1. 6. [201] _B.G._ vi. 14. [202] Desjardins, _Géographie de la Gaule_, ii. 214, note 3. [203] Ail Clúade. [204] _Milites._ [205] _Conf._ 360₈. [206] Cp. _Letter, ad init., inter barbaras itaque gentes habito proselitus et profuga._ [207] _Conf._ 374₂₉. Compare 357₁₅. [208] _Conf._ 370₂. The passage 373₅₋₉ also supports the view in the text. In that passage the oldest MS. has _ab aliquo uestro_; and we should probably read _uestrum_ with the later MSS. [209] _Ib._ 359₂. [210] _Ib._ 372₃₁. [211] See above, chap. iii. p. 53. [212] But see note, Appendix B. [213] See Appendix A, 5. [214] This is the theory of Professor Zimmer. [215] The Second Letter to the Corinthians seems to have been especially before him. This was natural. In it Paul was vindicating his character. [216] The legend will be found in _Vit. Trip._ pp. 112 _sqq._