[406] _Nennius Vindicatus_, p. 123, _note_. Later compilers divided _Amatho rege_. In Irish conditions a _rex episcopus_ would not sound so strange as in Gaul, though I do not know of an instance before Cormac of Cashel at the beginning of the tenth century. In _Tripartite Life_ (p. 34) we get a further step in the evolution; the bishop appears as Amatho rí Románach (King of the Romans); and the final stage is reached when Patrick is ordained _coram Teodosio imperatore_. [407] I pointed out this inference in “Sources of Early Patrician Documents” (_cit. sup._). [408] _Ann. Ult. s.a._ 439. For the separate coming of Iserninus see account in _Lib. Arm._ f. 18 rᵒ a (342, Rolls ed.). It is there indeed supposed that they started at the same time from Gaul, but were severed by storms, and so arrived separately in Ireland. The motive for this tale is evidently the genuine record that they did not come together. [409] There are three cases (Zimmer, _ib._ 24-26): 1. Long ō instead of long ā: _e.g._ _trindōit_ (= _trinitatem)_; _altōir_ (= _altāre)_; _caindlōir_ (_candelarius_); _notlaic_ (_nātalicia_); _popa_ (_papa_). If the Latin forms had come directly to Ireland, the ā would have been preserved; ō for ā is characteristically British. 2. _c_ for _p_: _casc_ (_pascha_); _crubthir_ (_presbyter_). Words of this kind must have been “interpreted to the Irish by British mouths,” for if they had been borrowed from Latin, _p_ would have been preserved. The motive for the change of _British p_ to _c_ in the loan-words was the observed fact that in native words Gaelic _c_ corresponded to British _p_ (representing the velar _q_). The treatment of Patrick’s name is a significant instance. From its British form we get in Irish _Coithrige_, from its Latin form _Patraicc_. _Caille_, a veil (_caillech_, a nun), is supposed to be another case (= _pallium_). Mr. Nicholson suggests that it is Celtic, = _capillia_ (_Keltic Researches_, p. 104). 3. _sr_ for _fr_, _sl_ for _fl_: _e.g._ _slechtan_ (_flectionem_), _srogell_ (_flagellum_). In case of a direct borrowing, _sr_, _sl_ would have been kept; but coming through British they were treated on the analogy of Irish _sruth_ = Br. _frut_. [410] _Tracia_ being an error for _Frācia_. [411] The prose list in the _Book of Ballymote_ describes both Duachs as Tenga Uma (and as slain by Muirchertach), but in the case of the first _Duach Galach_ is written above. [412] Dai Galach is mentioned as Brian’s youngest son, and destined to reign in Connaught, in the text printed, with translation, by Dr. W. Stokes, from the _Yellow Book of Lecan_ (col. 898), concerning the sons of Eochaid Muigmedoin, in _Rev. Celt._ xxiv. (1903), p. 182. [413] The notice is discussed by Todd, _St. Patrick_, pp. 469-70, but he does not attempt any explanation of _probatus est_, and by omitting the first part of the notice altogether he shows that he did not apprehend the significant association of the _probatio_ with Leo.