The Life of the Fly; With Which are Interspersed Some Chapters of AutobiographyFabre, Jean-Henri
Science
The Life of the Fly; With Which are Interspersed Some Chapters of Autobiography
Fabre, Jean-Henri
Diptera; Flies
The value of chemist's pepsin is estimated by the quantity of
hard-boiled white of egg which a gram of that agent can liquefy. The
mixture has to be exposed in an oven to a temperature of 1400 F. and
also to be frequently shaken. My preparation, in which the bluebottle's
eggs are hatched, is neither shaken nor subjected to the heat of
an oven; everything happens in quietness and under the thermometric
conditions of the surrounding air; nevertheless, in a few days, the
coagulated albumen, treated by the vermin, runs like water.
The reagent that causes this liquefaction escapes my endeavors to detect
it. The worms must disgorge it in infinitesimal doses, while the spikes
in their throats, which are in continual movement, emerge a little
way from the mouth, reenter and reappear. Those piston thrusts, those
quasi-kisses, are accompanied by the emission of the solvent: at least,
that is how I picture it. The maggot spits on its food, places on it
the wherewithal to make it into broth. To appraise the quantity of the
matter expectorated is beyond my powers: I observe the result, but do
not perceive the leavening agent.
Well, this result is really astounding, when we consider the scantiness
of the means. No pig's or sheep's pepsin can rival that of the worm.
I have a bottle of pepsin that comes from the School of Chemistry at
Montpellier. I lavishly powder some pieces of hard-boiled white of egg
with the potent drug, just as I did with the eggs of the Bluebottle.
The oven is not brought into play, neither is distilled water added, nor
hydrochloric acid: two auxiliaries which are recommended. The experiment
is conducted in exactly the same way as that of the tubes with the
vermin. The result is entirely different from what I expected. The white
of egg does not liquefy. It simply becomes moist on the surface; and
even this moisture may come from the pepsin, which is highly absorbent.
Yes, I was right: if the thing were feasible, it would be an advantage
for the chemists to collect their digestive drug from the stomach of the
maggot. The worm, in this case, beats the pig and the sheep.
The same method is followed for the remaining experiments. I put the
bluebottle's eggs to hatch on a piece of meat and leave the worms to do
their work as they please. The lean tissues, whether of mutton, beef
or pork, no matter which, are not turned into liquid; they become a pea
soup of a clarety brown. The liver, the lung, the spleen are attacked
to better purpose, without, however, getting beyond the state of a
semi-fluid jam, which easily mixes with water and even appears to
dissolve in it. The brains do not liquefy either: they simply melt into
a thin gruel.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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