The Life of the Fly; With Which are Interspersed Some Chapters of AutobiographyFabre, Jean-Henri
Science
The Life of the Fly; With Which are Interspersed Some Chapters of Autobiography
Fabre, Jean-Henri
Diptera; Flies
The exodus from the mortuary tabernacle was made through the round holes
wherewith the skin is pierced. Those holes are the worms' work: of that
there is no doubt; and yet we have lately seen the mothers refuse as a
bed for their eggs any part whereat the flesh is protected by a skin
of some thickness. The reason is the failure of the pepsin to act on
epidermic substances. In the absence of liquefaction at such points, the
nourishing gruel is unprocurable. On the other hand, the tiny worms are
not able--or at least do not know how--to dig through the integument
with their pair of guttural harpoons, to rend it and reach the
liquefiable flesh. The newborn lack strength and, above all, purpose.
But, as the time comes for descending into the earth, the worms, now
powerful and suddenly versed in the necessary art, well know how to eat
away patiently and clear themselves a passage. With the hooks of their
spikes they dig, scratch and tear. Instinct has flashes of inspiration.
What the animal did not know how to do at the start it learns without
apprenticeship when the time comes to practice this or that industry.
The maggot ripe for burial perforates a membranous obstacle which the
grub intent upon its broth would not even have attempted to attack with
either its pepsin or its grapnels.
Why does the worm quit the carcass, that capital shelter? Why does it go
and take up its abode in the ground? As the leading disinfector of dead
things, it works at the most important matter, the suppression of the
infection; but it leaves a plentiful residuum, which does not yield
to the reagents of its analytical chemistry. These remains have to
disappear in their turn. After the fly, anatomists come hastening, who
take up the dry relic, nibble skin, tendons and ligaments and scrape the
bones clean.
The greatest expert in this work is the Dermestes beetle, an
enthusiastic gnawer of animal remains. Sooner or later, he will come
to the joint already exploited by the fly. Now what would happen if the
pupae were there? The answer is obvious. The Dermestes, who loves hard
food, would dig his teeth into the horny little kegs and demolish them
at a bite. Even though he did not touch the contents, a live thing which
he probably dislikes, he would at least test the flavor of that lifeless
substance, the container. The future Fly would be lost, because her
casing would be pierced. Even so, in the storerooms of our silk mills,
a certain Dermestes (Dermestes vulpinus, FABR.) digs into the cocoons to
attack the horny covering of the chrysalis.
The maggot foresees the danger and makes itself scarce before the other
arrives. In what sort of memory does it house so much wisdom, indigent,
headless creature that it is, for it is only by extension that we can
give the name of head to the animal's pointed fore part? How did it
learn that, to safeguard the pupa, it must desert the carcass and that,
to safeguard the fly, it must not bury itself too far down?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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