And let us not run away with the idea that these princes of the Mollusc
tribe have a monopoly of the scientific curve. In the stagnant waters of
our grassy ditches, the flat shells, the humble Planorbes, sometimes no
bigger than a duckweed, vie with the Ammonite and the Nautilus in matters
of higher geometry. At least one of them, _Planorbis vortex_, for
example, is a marvel of logarithmic whorls.
In the long-shaped shells, the structure becomes more complex, though
remaining subject to the same fundamental laws. I have before my eyes
some species of the genus Terebra, from New Caledonia. They are
extremely tapering cones, attaining almost nine inches in length. Their
surface is smooth and quite plain, without any of the usual ornaments,
such as furrows, knots or strings of pearls. The spiral edifice is
superb, graced with its own simplicity alone. I count a score of whorls
which gradually decrease until they vanish in the delicate point. They
are edged with a fine groove.
I take a pencil and draw a rough generating line to this cone; and,
relying merely on the evidence of my eyes, which are more or less
practised in geometric measurements, I find that the spiral groove
intersects this generating line at an angle of unvarying value.
The consequence of this result is easily deduced. If projected on a
plane perpendicular to the axis of the shell, the generating lines of the
cone would become radii; and the groove which winds upwards from the base
to the apex would be converted into a plane curve which, meeting those
radii at an unvarying angle, would be neither more nor less than a
logarithmic spiral. Conversely, the groove of the shell may be
considered as the projection of this spiral on a conic surface.
Better still. Let us imagine a plane perpendicular to the aids of the
shell and passing through its summit. Let us imagine, moreover, a thread
wound along the spiral groove. Let us unroll the thread, holding it taut
as we do so. Its extremity will not leave the plane and will describe a
logarithmic spiral within it. It is, in a more complicated degree, a
variant of Bernouilli's '_Eadem mutata resurgo_:' the logarithmic conic
curve becomes a logarithmic plane curve.
A similar geometry is found in the other shells with elongated cones,
Turritellae, Spindle-shells, Cerithia, as well as in the shells with
flattened cones, Trochidae, Turbines. The spherical shells, those
whirled into a volute, are no exception to this rule. All, down to the
common Snail-shell, are constructed according to logarithmic laws. The
famous spiral of the geometers is the general plan followed by the
Mollusc rolling its stone sheath.
Where do these glairy creatures pick up this science? We are told that
the Mollusc derives from the Worm. One day, the Worm, rendered frisky by
the sun, emancipated itself, brandished its tail and twisted it into a
corkscrew for sheer glee. There and then the plan of the future spiral
shell was discovered.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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