Their number is considerable. A patient and careful census gives me
nearly six hundred. And all this comes out of a purse no larger than a
pea. By what miracle is there room for such a family? How do those
thousands of legs manage to grow without straining themselves?
The egg-bag, as we learnt in Chapter II., is a short cylinder rounded at
the bottom. It is formed of compact white satin, an insuperable barrier.
It opens into a round orifice wherein is bedded a lid of the same
material, through which the feeble beasties would be incapable of
passing. It is not a porous felt, but a fabric as tough as that of the
sack. Then by what mechanism is the delivery effected?
Observe that the disk of the lid doubles back into a short fold, which
edges into the orifice of the bag. In the same way, the lid of a
saucepan fits the mouth by means of a projecting rim, with this
difference, that the rim is not attached to the saucepan, whereas, in the
Epeira's work, it is soldered to the bag or nest. Well, at the time of
the hatching, this disk becomes unstuck, lifts and allows the new-born
Spiders to pass through.
If the rim were movable and simply inserted, if, moreover, the birth of
all the family took place at the same time, we might think that the door
is forced open by the living wave of inmates, who would set their backs
to it with a common effort. We should find an approximate image in the
case of the saucepan, whose lid is raised by the boiling of its contents.
But the fabric of the cover is one with the fabric of the bag, the two
are closely welded; besides, the hatching is effected in small batches,
incapable of the least exertion. There must, therefore, be a spontaneous
bursting, or dehiscence, independent of the assistance of the youngsters
and similar to that of the seed-pods of plants.
When fully ripened, the dry fruit of the snap-dragon opens three windows;
that of the pimpernel splits into two rounded halves, something like
those of the outer case of a fob-watch; the fruit of the carnation partly
unseals its valves and opens at the top into a star-shaped hatch. Each
seed-casket has its own system of locks, which are made to work smoothly
by the mere kiss of the sun.
Well, that other dry fruit, the Banded Epeira's germ-box, likewise
possesses its bursting-gear. As long as the eggs remain unhatched, the
door, solidly fixed in its frame, holds good; as soon as the little ones
swarm and want to get out, it opens of itself.
Come June and July, beloved of the Cicadae, no less beloved of the young
Spiders who are anxious to be off. It were difficult indeed for them to
work their way through the thick shell of the balloon. For the second
time, a spontaneous dehiscence seems called for. Where will it be
effected?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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