How is the sticky emission distributed over the whole body, both above
and below? The larva is a legless cripple; it moves about by obtaining
a hold with its behind. Moreover, it is well segmented. The back, in
particular, has a series of fairly protuberant cushions; the ventral
surface, on the other hand, is puckered by knotty excrescences, which
change their shape considerably in the act of crawling. When moving,
with the flexible fore-part of the body groping to find its way, the
grub consists of a series of waves that follow one another in perfect
order.
Each wave starts from the hinder extremity and by swift degrees reaches
the head. Straightway a second wave follows in the same direction,
succeeded by a third, a fourth and so on, indefinitely. Each of these
waves, proceeding from one end of the grub to the other, is a step. So
long as the wave continues, the fulcrum, that is, the orifice of the
intestine, remains in its place, at first a little before and then a
little behind the movement as a whole. Hence the source of the sticky
dew grazes first the tip of the abdomen and then the end of the back of
the moving grub. In this way the tiny drop of gum is deposited above
and below.
The glue has still to be distributed. This is done by crawling. Between
the puckers, the cushions, which the locomotory wave brings together
and then separates, alternately come into contact and open clefts into
which the sticky fluid gradually makes its way by capillary action. The
grub clothes itself in glue without exercising any special skill,
merely by moving along. Each locomotory wave, each step, supplies its
quota to the viscous doublet. This makes up for the losses which the
larva cannot fail to suffer on the road as it roams from pasture to
pasture; and, since the fresh material balances the wastage of the old,
a suitable coat is obtained, neither too thin nor too thick.
The complete coating is rapidly effected. With the tip of a camel-hair
pencil, I wash a grub in a little water. The viscosity dissolves and
disappears; and the water used for washing the larva, evaporated on a
slip of glass, leaves a mark like that of a weak solution of gum
arabic. I place the grub to dry on blotting-paper. When I now touch it
with a straw, it no longer sticks to it; it has lost its coating of
varnish.
How will it replace it? This is a very simple matter. I allow the grub
to move about at will for a few minutes. No more is needed; the layer
of gum is restored; the creature sticks to the straw that touches it.
To sum up, the varnish with which the Cionus’ larva is covered, is a
viscous fluid, soluble in water, quickly emitted and extremely slow to
dry, even in an intensely hot sun and in the parching breath of the
north-wind.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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