The Life of Tolstoy: First Fifty Years: Fifth EditionMaude, Aylmer
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The Life of Tolstoy: First Fifty Years: Fifth Edition
Maude, Aylmer
Tolstoy, Leo, graf, 1828-1910
He argues that no man or set of men has any right to force any
particular kind of education on any one else. The teacher has no right
to do more than offer such knowledge as he possesses, and he should
respect the child's right to reject it as indigestible, or as badly
served up:
On what grounds does the School of to-day teach this and not that,
and in this and not that way?
Where, in our day, can we get such faith in the indubitability
of our knowledge as would give us a right to educate people
compulsorily? Take any medieval school, before or after Luther,
take the whole scholastic literature of the Middle Ages, what a
strength of belief and what a firm, indubitable knowledge of what
was true and what was false, we see in them! It was easy for them
to know that a knowledge of Greek was the one essential condition
of education; for Aristotle's works were in Greek, and no one
doubted the truth of his propositions till centuries later. How
could the monks help demanding the study of the Holy Scriptures,
which stood on an immovable foundation? It was well for Luther
to demand the compulsory study of Hebrew, being sure, as he was,
that in that language God himself has revealed the truth to man.
Evidently, as long as man's critical sense was not aroused, the
school had to be dogmatic; and it was natural for pupils to learn
by heart the truths revealed by God, as well as Aristotle's science
and the poetic beauties of Virgil and Cicero. For centuries after,
no one could imagine any truer truth, or more beautiful beauty.
But what is the position of the schools of our time, which retain
these same dogmatic principles, while in the room next the class
where the immortality of the soul is taught, it is suggested to the
pupils that the nerves common to man and to the frog are what was
formerly called 'the soul'; and where after hearing the story of
Joshua the son of Nun read to him without explanations, the pupil
learns that the sun never did go round the earth; and when after
the beauties of Virgil have been explained to him, he finds the
beauties of Alexandre Dumas (whose novels he can buy for sixpence)
much greater; when the only belief held by the teacher is that
nothing is true, but that whatever exists is reasonable; and that
progress is good and backwardness bad, though nobody knows in what
this progress, that is so generally believed in, consists?
In another article he says:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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