THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE UPANISHADS AND ANCIENT INDIAN METAPHYSICS. As exhibited in a series of Articles contributed to the _Calcutta Review_. BY ARCHIBALD EDWARD GOUGH, M.A., Lincoln College, Oxford; Principal of the Calcutta Madrasa. EXTRACT FROM PREFACE. Those interested in the general history of philosophy will find in it an account of a very early attempt, on the part of thinkers of a rude age and race, to form a cosmological theory. The real movement of philosophic thought begins, it is true, not in India, but in Ionia; but some degree of interest may still be expected to attach to the procedure of the ancient Indian cosmologists. The Upanishads are so many 'songs before sunrise'--spontaneous effusions of awakening reflection, half poetical, half metaphysical--that precede the conscious and methodical labour of the long succession of thinkers to construct a thoroughly intelligible conception of the sum of things. For the general reader, then, these pages may supply in detail, and in the terms of the Sanskrit texts themselves, a treatment of the topics slightly sketched in the third chapter of Archer Butler's first series of 'Lectures on the History of Ancient Philosophy.' The Upanishads exhibit the prehistoric view of things in a na[=i]vely poetical expression, and, at the same time, in its coarsest form. Any translations will be found to include the whole of the Mu[n.][d.]aka, Ka[t.]ha, ['S]vet[=a]['s]vatara, and M[=a][n.][d.][=u]kya Upanishads, the greater part of the Taittir[=i]ya and B[r.]ihad[=a]ro[n.]yaka, and portions of the Chh[=a]ndogya and Kena, together with extracts from the works of the Indian schoolmen. * * * * * Third Edition. Post 8vo, cloth, pp. xvi.-428, price 16s. ESSAYS ON THE SACRED LANGUAGE, WRITINGS, AND RELIGION OF THE PARSIS. By MARTIN HAUG, Ph.D., Late of the Universities of Tübingen, Göttingen, and Bonn; Superintendent of Sanskrit Studies, and Professor of Sanskrit in the Poona College. EDITED AND ENLARGED BY DR. E. W. WEST. To which is added a Biographical Memoir of the late Dr. HAUG by Prof. E. P. EVANS. I. History of the Researches into the Sacred Writings and Religion of the Parsis, from the Earliest Times down to the Present. II. Languages of the Parsi Scriptures. III. The Zend-Avesta, or the Scripture of the Parsis. IV. The Zoroastrian Religion, as to its Origin and Development.