Celtic literature -- History and criticism; Ireland -- In literature
The texts that treat of theology, mysticism, lives of saints, and
martyrologies, are very numerous; those of law few. Medicine figures in
a class apart. Astronomy gets even a smaller place than medicine. Its
most ancient monument dates from the fourteenth century.
One of the most curious and least known of all the Gaelic relics is a
treatise on Gaelic grammar, written in Gaelic. It is divided into four
books, and is preserved to us in ten MSS. of the fourteenth, fifteenth,
and sixteenth centuries. The four books of which it is composed are
attributed, the first to Cennfaelad, an historic personage who died in
678; the other three to mythical, prehistoric authors, such as
Fercertné, Amergin Glûngel, and Fenius Farsaid. The antiquity and
ability of the latter grammarian for the work, may be inferred from the
somewhat startling statement that he is said to have composed the Gaelic
tongue out of seventy-two languages, and afterwards his son Nial visited
Egypt to teach the languages after the confusion of Babel. Verily the
Celts were an enterprising race to have a grammarian first in the field,
and the nebulous Fenius Farsaid deserves a grave as high as Browning’s
hero, for even before Moses “ground he at grammar.” It is a pity that
this rare old treatise which Ireland possessed in the Middle Ages has
not been published. The MSS. are in the British Museum, Royal Academy of
Ireland, Trinity College, and with the Franciscans of Dublin.
But not in any of the above-named categories do we find the body and
soul of Celtic literature. The real breathing spirit of the past speaks
to us rather in the great MSS. of the Middle Ages, those which deal with
romance and history—the earlier sagas and the later annals; and these
deserve more than a passing reference. The saga or heroic literature is
far and away the most curious and abundant. De Jubainville himself
chronicles no less than 540 pieces of this class. But its greatest
monuments are the miscellaneous MSS. known as the Leabhar Na h’Uidhre,
the Book of Leinster, Book of Ballymote, Book of Lecain, and Book of
Lismore.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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