After remaining here fifteen days, partaking of the hospitality of the
Sultan Jemaleddin, our traveller departed in a junk for China, where,
after a pleasant and prosperous voyage, he arrived in safety, and found
himself surrounded by new wonders. This, he thought, was the richest and
most fertile country he had ever visited. Mohammedanism, however, had
made little or no progress among the yellow men, for he observes that
they were all infidels, worshipping images, and burning their dead, like
the Hindoos. The emperor, at this period, was a descendant of Genghis
Khan, who seems to have so far tolerated the Mohammedans, that they had
a separate quarter allotted to them in every town, where they resided
apart from the pagans. Ibn Batūta seems to have regarded the Chinese with
a secret disgust, for he observes that they would eat the flesh of both
dogs and swine, which was sold publicly in their markets. Though greatly
addicted to the comforts and pleasures of life, the distinctions of rank
were not very apparent among them, the richest merchants dressing, like
the commonalty, in a coarse cotton dress, and all making use, in walking,
of a staff, which was called “the third leg.” In the extreme cheapness
of silks, our traveller might have discovered the reason why the richest
merchants wore cotton; for, as he himself observes, one cotton dress
would purchase many silk ones, which, accordingly, were the usual dress
of the poorer classes.
The internal trade and commerce of the country was carried on with paper
money, which, as Marco Polo likewise observes, had totally superseded the
use of the dirhem and the dinar. These bank-notes, if we may so apply the
term, were about the size of the palm of the hand, and were stamped with
the royal stamp. When torn accidentally, or worn out by use, these papers
could be carried to what may be termed their mint, and changed without
loss for new ones, the emperor being satisfied with the profits accruing
from their circulation. No other money was in use. Whatever gold and
silver was possessed by individuals was melted into ingots, and placed
for show over the doors of their houses.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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