The logic of modern physicsBridgman, P. W. (Percy Williams)
Philosophy
The logic of modern physics
Bridgman, P. W. (Percy Williams)
Physics -- Philosophy
Now it appears to me most questionable whether the analysis of nature
into events is possible or sufficient. With regard to the coincidence
point of view, it seems perfectly obvious that the world of our
immediate _sensation_ cannot be described in terms of coincidences; how,
for example, shall we describe in terms of space-time coincidence the
photometric comparison of the intensity of two sources of illumination,
or the comparison of the pitch of two sounds, or the location of a sound
by the binaural effect?
[Footnote 29: A. N. Whitehead, An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of
Natural Knowledge, Cambridge University Press, 1919, Chap. V.]
To justify the coincidence point of view we apparently have to analyze
down to the colorless elements beyond our sense perception. It does not
seem unreasonable, perhaps, to expect that the universe is completely
determined in terms of the positions as a function of time of all the
positive and negative electrons; but to introduce such a thesis now
certainly goes beyond present experimental warrant, and is contrary to
the general spirit of relativity, which nowhere else involves any
reference to the small scale structure of things. Even if we were
willing to overlook all these objections, we would still have the fact
that the difference between a positive and negative electron is not
contained in any specification of the mere coordinates.
A further very important doubt in principle as to the possibility of the
analysis of nature into events is afforded by the character of the
concept of event itself. We have seen that the idea of event involves
the existence of discontinuities, and that this can correspond only
approximately to the physical fact, because discontinuities apparently
lose their abruptness as we make our measurements more refined. The
thesis that nature can be described in terms of discontinuities of a
very small scale seems much too special to be made a fundamental part of
a theory of the general pretensions of that of relativity. In fact this,
as well as a consideration to be mentioned later, suggests that the
argument and result of general relativity may be intrinsically
restricted to large scale phenomena.
We now pass from these somewhat special questions to ask why it is that
Einstein was able in the general theory of relativity to obtain new and
physically correct results from general reasoning of an apparently
purely mathematical character. We are convinced that purely mathematical
reasoning never can yield physical results--that if anything physical
comes out of mathematics it must have been put in another form. Our
problem is to find where the physics got into the general theory.
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