The logic of modern physicsBridgman, P. W. (Percy Williams)
Philosophy
The logic of modern physics
Bridgman, P. W. (Percy Williams)
Physics -- Philosophy
after the lapse of 1.5 seconds, and in the other after only 0.5 second.
Now there is a present difference as reported by our assistants, for the
assistant stationed half way between lantern and mirror reports in one
system a flash of light on the side of a screen which is turned toward
the lantern, and in the other system on the side of the screen turned
toward the mirror.
This more general point of view answers the question whether velocity
may be regarded as a present attribute of the system, for the parts of a
system which are in motion have momentum, and momentum may be detected
by placing against such parts comparatively rigid members which will
receive a minute deformation, so that velocity has a meaning in terms of
physical measurements made at a single instant of time.
There is a subtle and difficult question here, namely, whether in
talking about operations of measurement we can ever get rid of temporal
implications, and therefore, whether a condition of the system in which
temporal implications remain can properly be described as "present." I
shall not attempt to answer this question: there must be some
practically satisfying answer, involving perhaps the physical analogue
of differentials of different orders in mathematics, short of carrying
the analysis to such a degree of refinement that the concept of present
becomes meaningless, as we can see might easily happen.
With this enlarged understanding of what we mean by present state of the
system, it seems to me that physical evidence is now rather favorable to
the view that the present determines the future, subject to
qualification about the penumbra, at least as far as large scale
phenomena are concerned. It appears much more doubtful when we come to
small scale phenomena, and in particular it is doubtful whether the
principle can be applied to the details of the quantum process, and in
fact it is not certain that it has meaning. It is certain that if it is
true an enormous amount of structure beyond any that has yet been
detected is implied.
ON THE POSSIBILITY OF DESCRIBING NATURE
COMPLETELY IN TERMS OF ANALYSIS
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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