The logic of modern physicsBridgman, P. W. (Percy Williams)
Philosophy
The logic of modern physics
Bridgman, P. W. (Percy Williams)
Physics -- Philosophy
But now it is very much a question for examination whether the velocity
concept defined in this particular way has been chosen wisely as a tool
for describing natural phenomena. It is quite possible to modify the
velocity concept, that is, to set up other operations which correspond
to our instinctive feeling of what velocity is in terms of immediate
sensation and such that all numerical measures are unmodified at low
velocities.[15] For example, a traveller in an automobile measures his
velocity by observing the clock on his instrument board and the mile
stones which he passes on the road. This operation differs from that of
the definition above in that the time is no longer extended time, but is
the local time of the moving object. The space coordinates used in this
alternative operation at first seem a hybrid sort of thing, but they are
what the observer would actually most naturally use: they are what he
would measure with a tape measure fixed to a point of the road and
allowed to unwind as he proceeds, or what is measured by a vessel at sea
with a log line let out behind.
[Footnote 15: It is an interesting question for the psychologist whether
the velocity concept is not a more primitive thing in order of
apprehension than that of time, and whether the concept of time is not
derived from observing things in motion, or whether indeed there is any
necessary connection at all between velocity and time in terms of
untutored experience.]
Or there is still another most interesting way of defining velocity, in
which the analysis into space and time is not made at all, but velocity
is directly measured by building up the given velocity by physical
addition of a unit velocity selected arbitrarily. This matter is
discussed at some length in my book "_Dimensional Analysis_",[16] but is
of sufficient pertinence here to describe briefly. We may in the first
place construct a concrete standard for velocity, as, for example, by
stretching a string between two pegs on a board with a fixed weight. If
we strike the string, a disturbance travels along the string which we
can follow with the eye, and we define unit velocity as the velocity of
this disturbance. An object has greater than unit velocity if it outruns
the disturbance, and less if it lags behind. We may now duplicate our
standard, making another board with pegs and stretched string, and check
the equality of the two velocities by observing that the two
disturbances run together. We now define two units of velocity as the
velocity of anything which runs with the disturbance of the string of
the second board, when the second board is made to move bodily with such
a velocity that it runs with the disturbance of the first string. The
process may be extended indefinitely, and any velocity measured.
[Footnote 16: Yale University Press, 1922.]
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