Turning the comb over, we see that the cells on this side also have
pyramidal bottoms. If the depth of a cell on one side of the comb be
taken, and added to the depth of a cell on the other side, and then the
width of the whole comb be measured, it will be found that the combined
depth of the two cells perceptibly exceeds the width of the whole comb.
At first glance this seems like a case of the less including the greater,
which is a manifest impossibility. But, holding the comb up to the
light, a further discovery is made, and the seeming paradox is
eliminated. The bottoms of the cells are so thin as to be almost
transparent, and it is at once seen that the cells are not built end to
end, in line, but that each cell-base on one side of the comb covers part
of three cell-bases on the other. If the three diamonds, composing
between them the triangular base of a single cell, be perforated with a
needle, and the comb turned over, it will be found that the three
perforations come each in a separate cell. Thus the saving in the total
width of the comb is effected by allowing the pyramidal bases on each
side to engage alternately like the teeth of a trap; instead of meeting
point-blank, they overlap each other, and the faces of the pyramids are
so contrived that each of them helps to close two cells.
There is another advantage in this arrangement which will be immediately
obvious. The apex and three ribs of each pyramidal cell-base form
foundation-lines for the cell-walls on the other side of the comb. This
means that not only do all cell-walls abut on an arch, but that every
cell-base is strengthened throughout by a triple girdering. The result
is that the amount of wax required in the construction of the comb can be
everywhere reduced to an absolute minimum. It becomes merely a question
of what thickness of wax will retain the honey; and this experience
proves to be no more than 1/180 part of an inch. The whole thing,
indeed, might very well be taken as an ideal exemplar of the triumph of
mind over matter.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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