Now that we have the head of the bee under observation, many curious
things about it can be ascertained. The strong, curved jaws, working
sideways, are doubly interesting as the main implements used in the
preparation of the wax, and largely in the comb-building. But the eyes
and the long, flail-like antenna rivet attention first. Whether the bee
was made for her life, or the life—imposed on her by inexorable
conditions—made the bee what she is to-day, the extraordinary adaptation
of her physique to her environment is beyond all question. The great
compound eyes, with their thousands of facets each pointing in a slightly
different direction, are obviously made for wide and distant outlooks.
It is with these eyes that the bee finds her way out and home over miles
of country. In the worker the compound eyes occupy the whole sides of
the head, but in the drone they are much larger, and meet entirely at the
top. Thus, dallying in the sunshine, he is able the while to keep the
whole arc of the sky under scrutiny, ready at an instant’s notice to take
up the love-challenge of the young queens.
But these large multiple eyes of the bee are of little use to her at
close quarters, or in the deep twilight of the hive. For indoor use, and
for near vision, she has three other eyes, containing a single lens each,
and set in her forehead just above her antennæ. The popular belief, that
the honey-bee carries on her busy life, and elaborate enterprises in
complete darkness, is mainly a fallacy. Probably there is always some
light, even in the remotest recesses of the hive—enough, at least, for
the eyes of the bee, if not for our own vision.
The bee, however, would seem to depend very little on sight alone in the
prosecution of her various tasks. There is little doubt that she
possesses all the other four senses in a marked degree. Both the tongue
and the lips have certain highly developed structures upon them which can
be nothing else than organs of taste; while the most superficial
acquaintance with the life of the hive must convince anyone that the bee
possesses the senses of smell and hearing, and that very acutely. Where
the seat of these two faculties lies is at present doubtful, and the
exact functions of the antennæ are still a matter of conjecture. But it
is at least certain that these latter perform vital office in every act
or enterprise of the bee. It is obvious that the antennæ are very
delicate organs of touch, but it is equally obvious that they are much
more than this. It has been ascertained that they carry no less than six
totally different kinds of instruments, each of which must have its
distinct use.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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