507 It is instructive to mark how the enunciation of the same principles led to the same results after the lapse of twelve centuries. The proclamation of free grace, emancipation from the Law, justification by faith only, in the sixteenth century quickened into being heresies which had lain dead through long ages. Bishop Barlow, the Anglican Reformer, and one of the compilers of our Prayer‐book, thus describes the results of the enunciation of these doctrines in Germany and Switzerland, results of which he was an eye‐witness: “There be some which hold opinion that all devils and damned souls shall be saved at the day of doom. Some of them persuade themselves that _the serpent which deceived Eve was Christ_. Some of them grant to every man and woman two souls. Some affirm lechery to be no sin, and that one may use another man’s wife without offence. Some take upon them to be soothsayers and prophets of wonderful things to come, and have prophesied the day of judgment to be at hand, some within three months, some within one month, some within six days. Some of them, both men and women, at their congregations for a mystery show themselves naked, affirming that they be in the state of innocence. Also, some hold that no man ought to be punished or suffer execution for any crime or trespass, be it ever so horrible” (A Dyalogue describing the orygynall ground of these Lutheran faccyons, 1531). We are in presence once more of Marcosians, Ophites, Carpocratians. Had these sects lingered on through twelve centuries? Possibly only; but it is clear that the dissemination of the same doctrines caused the production of these obscene sects by inevitable logical necessity, whether an historical filiation be established or not. 508 Matt. xvi. 21, 22; Mark vii. 31. 509 Ideas reproduce themselves singularly. There is an essay by De Quincy advocating the same view of the character and purpose of Judas. 510 Epiphan. Haeres. xxxviii. 1. 511 Iren. Adv. Haeres. i. 31. 512 Etudes, p. 176. 513 Epiphan. Haeres. xxxviii. 2. 514 2 Cor. xii. 4. 515 Reprinted in the Journal of Sacred Literature and Biblical Record, p. 372.