[16] _Archæologia_, xiii. 224, 225; pl. xiv. xv. [17] _Athenæum_, Dec. 18, 1886. [18] _U.S. Geological Survey_, 1872, p. 652. [19] _Primitive Industry_, Figs. 241, 254, 292, 295, etc. [20] Evans’ _Stone Implements_, Fig. 94. [21] _Archæologia_, xlii. 72. [22] _Ibid._ p. 68. [23] _Ibid._ p. 68. [24] _British Barrows_, p. 166. [25] _Palæolithic Man in Eastern and Central North America_, pp. 152, 153. [26] Vide _Prehistoric Man_, 3rd ed. ii. 132. [27] _Smithsonian Reports_, Part I. 1885, p. 880. [28] _Report of the Peabody Museum_, ii. 262. [29] _Prehistoric Man_, 3d ed. vol. ii. p. 223. [30] _Tribes of the Extreme North-West_, pp. 81, 82. [31] _Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge_, 158. [32] Abbott’s _Primitive Industry_, p. 33. [33] _Smithsonian Report_, 1872. [34] _Ibid._ 1868, p. 402. [35] _Smithsonian Report_, 1877, p. 293. [36] _Smithsonian Report_, 1885, Part I. p. 873. [37] _Smithsonian Report_, 1885, Part I. p. 873. [38] _Smithsonian Report_, Part I. 1885, p. 874. [39] _Science_, iii. 342. IV PRE-ARYAN AMERICAN MAN THE department of American ethnology, notwithstanding its many indefatigable workers, is still to a large extent a virgin soil. The western hemisphere is rich in materials for ethnical study, but there is urgent demand for diligent labourers to rescue them for future use. On all hands we see ancient nations passing away. The prairie tribes are vanishing with the buffalo; the Flathead Indians of diverse types and stranger tongues; and, more interesting than either, the ingenious Haidahs of the Queen Charlotte Islands: are all diminishing in numbers, giving up their distinctive customs, and confusing their mythic and legendary traditions with foreign admixtures; while some are destined to speedy extinction.