Nor can it be said that the numerous portraits which Cornelis Janssen van Ceulen (1593-1664?) undertook in England, give signs of the new artistic impulse which was daily manifesting itself in Holland in the early works of Frans Hals. Janssen, who was baptized at the Dutch Reformed Church, Austin Friars, London, throve until the establishment in England of Van Dyck, before whom he quickly had to give way; although he withdrew to Kent and lived in retirement, he did not receive the Speaker’s warrant to pass beyond seas until 1643. That “Cornelius Johnson Picture Drawer” made use of pallid flesh tones and lifeless grey tones, is obvious from the two portraits (No. 2338 and No. 2339) exhibited in the Louvre. The very modern looking _Portrait of a Young Man_ (No. 2303A), signed “D. BAILLY,” is officially held to be the work of a Leyden painter of that name who would appear to have been a contemporary of Cornelis Janssen. FRANS HALS Although the great Dutch painter, Frans Hals (1580?-1666) was born at Antwerp, his parents were natives of Haarlem, whither he removed about 1600, and where he settled for the remainder of his eventful, irregular, and improvident career. This lusty and unromantic master by his forceful characterisation, his rapid wielding of his brush, and his frank realism, in a few years transformed the earlier portrait-making of Holland, and the rendering of the commonplace and obvious likeness of an individual, as seen in the works of Moreelse and others, into the region of great art. He was by about a quarter of a century the senior of Rembrandt, who is the greatest genius among Dutch painters, and developed his art on logical lines. It is, however, necessary to know the outstanding facts of his personal history, the fluctuating circumstances under which he worked, and the grinding poverty of his latest period. Perhaps no other painter in the whole range of art was so affected by his environment as Hals. [Illustration: PLATE XXVII.—FRANS HALS (1580?-1666) DUTCH SCHOOL No. 2384.—THE GIPSY GIRL (La Bohémienne) She wears a red dress, which is open at the neck; she smiles as she turns her eyes to the right; half-length figure. Painted in oil on canvas. 2 ft. 6 in. × 2 ft. 3 in. (0·76 × 0·68.)]