Kuki (Indic people); Lushai (Asian people); Lushai language
The ivory discs worn in the ears by Lushai women are not found,
but metal rings are worn in a similar manner by both sexes.
The Manipuris have instituted in each village a number of posts with
high-sounding titles, similar to those in use among themselves,
but traces of the older organisation are to be found. Thus the
Aimol recognise a man called Thompa, of the Chomgom family, as
the head of the clan, but he has no power and receives nothing,
while in each village are four officials who receive a portion
of every animal killed in the chase. They are called "kamzakhoi,"
"zakachhunga," "zupalba," and "pakanglakpa." The last two titles have
a distinctly Manipuri sound about them. The usual titles found are
"khul-lakpa"--i.e., chief of the village--"lup-lakpa," "zupalba," and
"Methei lumbu"--i.e. Manipuri interpreter--but there are others. The
khul-lakpa and lup-lakpa are hereditary posts. Among the Lamgang there
are seven such hereditary posts. Among the Chiru the khul-lakpa,
besides receiving a portion of each animal killed, also gets his
house built for nothing, which brings him very near to the Lushai
"lal." Among the Kolhen the khul-lakpa's and lup-lakpa's posts are
not hereditary, but on the death of either his successor must be
chosen out of the same family, but his sons are ineligible. The new
official has to give a feast, killing a pig, which is eaten by the
whole community, and the young men and maidens make merry with dance
and song. It seems probable that in this may be some idea of averting
the evil effects of a breach of the generally accepted custom.
The puithiam is known as "thempu," "khulpu," or "bulropa," and both
he and the blacksmith are sometimes rewarded, receiving a day's labour
from each householder they serve, instead of a donation of rice.
The Lushai system of "boi" is generally unknown, which is only natural
in such democratic communities.
The following animals are not generally eaten--tigers, snakes, cats,
crows, or kites; and among the Lamgang the rat is also considered
unfit for food.
Each clan is divided into eponymous families and generally marriage
is restricted to the clan, but alliances within the family are
prohibited. The Aimol clan is divided into five families--Chongom,
Laita or Mangte, Khoichung or Leivon, Lanu, and Chaita. Marriage is
unrestricted, but it is unusual for either sex to marry without the
clan. The Kolhen are divided into twelve exogamous families divided
into two groups, which are also exogamous (v. below, under Festivals,
page 167), but marriage outside the clan is prohibited. Among the
Anal, Purum, and Lamgang marriages must be made within the clan,
but not within the family.
The Tikhup clan, which only numbers some twenty households, is not
sub-divided, but marriage is endogamous. The union of first cousins,
either paternal or maternal, is prohibited. The elders of the clan
attributed the steady decline in their numbers to this custom of
endogamy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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