Kuki (Indic people); Lushai (Asian people); Lushai language
In common with nearly all non-Lushei clans, a Thado co-respondent,
and not his victim's relatives, has to pay the injured husband all
the expenses he had incurred in the marriage and also a fine of one
mithan. The same rule applies to the seducer of a widow living in
her late husband's house. On a man's death his eldest brother can
insist on marrying the widow and taking all the children. "Sawnman"
is enforced as among the Lushais, but should the father refuse to take
the child when it is old enough to leave its mother, he is called on to
pay a second mithan, and he forfeits the right to receive the marriage
price in case of a girl. The eldest son inherits and, failing a son,
the nearest male relative. Adoption is practised as among the Lushais,
the ceremony being known as "Phunkai" (Lushai "Sa-phun").
In case of accidental homicide the offender has to kill a pig at his
victim's funeral and provide a blue cloth to wrap the body in. Should
the death have been caused by a gunshot wound the gun is forfeited
to the heir of the deceased. The Thados claim that rape and sodomy
are unknown among them.
There is no doubt that head-hunting was indulged in in olden days,
and on the death of a powerful chief at least one freshly taken head
had to adorn his grave.
Lieutenant Stewart, in the book already quoted from, gives a good deal
of information about the religious beliefs of the Thados. He says
they recognise one all-powerful god, whom they call Pathen (Lushai
Pathian), who has a wife, Nongjai. I have enquired about Pathen's wife,
but though all my informants say that it is usual to speak of Pathen
Nongjai together, none could say whether Nongjai was Pathen's wife--an
equally powerful being, sharing power with Pathen--or simply another
name for Pathen. Stewart also provides Pathen with a son, Thihla,
but my informants all agree that the Thihla are demons of the hills,
rivers, and forests--in other words exactly the same as the Huais of
the Lushais. Ghumoishe, mentioned by Stewart, is the king of all these
Thihla, and he has a wife, Imungshe. They are supposed to inhabit
the densest forests on the highest mountain tops, and when passing
through such their dread names are never mentioned. About this demon
Stewart says: "By some he is said to be the illegitimate son of Pathen,
but others deny the relationship, and say that he has no connection
with the god whatever. The idea of making the origin of evil proceed
thus from an illegitimate source is exceedingly clever." None of my
informants would venture a guess even at Ghumoishe's parentage. Kuchom,
whom Stewart gives as Ghumoishe's wife, is nowadays, as far as I can
find out, unknown, as also is Hilo, said by Stewart to be the daughter
of the last-named couple and to be the goddess of poisons. The Thihla
are divided into Thingbulnga, the Thihla of the big trees; Shongbulnga,
of the rocks and stones; Tuikhumnga, the demons of the water, of whom
Tuikhumlen is the king.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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