seems to spring from the contrast of the "pæan to the Furies" mentioned below, with the hymns of joyful thanksgivings to the gods that suit the present occasion. But when the term "gods" is used generally on a joyful occasion, it seems more agreeable to Greek feeling to interpret it as excluding than as including the Furies. The hymns in the Eumenides show that they were considered as a dreadful power in the background, rather than prominent figures in the foreground of Hellenic polytheism. But, however this be, the more obvious key to such a doubtful passage is surely that of the train of thought which immediately precedes. Note 53 (p. 61). "Fire and the sea, sworn enemies of old," etc. This passage, in the original, boils with a series of high-sounding words, δυσκύμαντα, κεροτοπούμεναι, ὀμβροκτύπῳ, extremely characteristic both of the general genius of the poet and the special subject of poetic description. I have endeavoured, according to the best of my ability, not to lose a single line of this powerful painting; but, as it is more than likely I may have missed some point, or brought it feebly out, I would refer the reader to the able versions of SYM. and MED., which are very good in this place. About the κακὸς ποιμὴν, whether it refer to the whole tempest, as SYM. makes it, or to a part of it (στρόβος) as in my version, there can be no doubt, I think, that here ποιμὴν can mean nothing but "pilot," as in the Persian ποιμάνωρ means a commander. There can be no objection to retaining the word "shepherd," but I do not like CON.'s "demon-swain" at all. It seems to me to bring in a foreign, and somewhat of a Gothic idea. Note 54 (p. 61). "That ocean hell." ἅδην πόντιον, I took this from MED. and give him a thousand thanks for supplying me with so literal, and yet so admirable a translation. SYM. is also excellent here, though, as usual, too fine-- "O how the day looked lovely, when ashore We crawled, escaped from the watery jaws Of a sea death." Note 55 (p. 61). "Far-labouring o'er the loosely-driving main." There is a fine word in the original here, σποδουμένου, easily and admirably rendered by FR.--zerstaübt--but to express which I have found myself forced to have recourse to a cognate idea. The main idea is dispersion and diffusion, _to drive about like dust_, or, perhaps, the meaning may be, _to rub down to dust_.--See Passow. In the present passage the context makes the former meaning preferable. Note 56 (p. 61). "By Jove's devising." The reader will note here the supreme controlling power of Jove, forming, as it were, a sort of monotheistic keystone to the many-stoned arch of Hellenic Polytheism. Μηχαναῖς Διὸς here is just equivalent to our phrase _by Divine interposition_, or, _by the interposition of Divine Providence_, or the supreme moral superintendence of Jove. {348} Note 57 (p. 62). "Helen the taker!"