_Crystalline Form_: Monoclinic. _Hardness_: 6.5-7. _Lustre_: Pearly. Translucent to subtranslucent. _Refraction_: Double. _Chemical Composition_: Silicate of Aluminium and Lithium. _Chemical Symbol_: Li A1 (Si O_{3})_{2}. _Specific Gravity_: 3.5-3.20. _Dichroism_: Strong. _Properties_: Electrical. Unaffected by acids. Under the blowpipe flame expands and melts into a clear or opaque glass, indicating lithia by colouring the flame red. Kunzite exhibits phosphorescence under Radium. _In the Zodiac_: Spodumene and Kunzite are under the Heavenly Libra. Hiddenite may be under the zodiacal Taurus. _Where found_: United States of America, Madagascar, Brazil, Sweden, etc. TOPAZ _Crystalline Form_: Orthorhombic. _Hardness_: 8. _Lustre_: Vitreous. Transparent to translucent. _Refraction_: Slightly double. _Chemical Composition_: Silicate of Aluminium. _Chemical Symbol_: [A1(F,OH)]_{2}SiO_{4}. (Penfold and Minor.) _Specific Gravity_: 3.4-3.65. _Dichroism_: Distinct. _Properties_: Becomes strongly electric by friction, heat and pressure. Infusible alone before the blowpipe flame, but with Borax melts into a bead. Changes colour when heated. _In the Zodiac_: The Topaz is under the Heavenly Scorpio. _Where found_: Brazil, Ceylon, Mexico, United States, Australia, etc. TOURMALINE _Crystalline Form_: Rhombohedral. _Hardness_: 7-7.5. _Lustre_: Vitreous. _Refraction_: Double. _Chemical Composition_: Varied, but all varieties include silicate of alumina, boracic acid, iron, magnesia, lime and soda, sometimes lithia in small quantity, with fluorine and trace of phosphoric acid. _Chemical Symbol_: Professors Penford and Foote refer all varieties of Tourmaline to (H_{6}Na_{6}Mg_{3}Al_{2})_{3}(Al,Fe)_{6}(B,OH)_{4}Si_{8}O_{38}, _Specific Gravity_: 2.39-3.3. _Dichroism_: Strong. _Properties_: Becomes charged by heat and friction with positive and negative electricity. Before the blowpipe flame the darker varieties fuse easily but the lighter more tardily. _In the Zodiac_: The Tourmaline family is under the Heavenly Gemini. _Where found_: Brazil, Russia, California and other parts of the United States, Ceylon, Australia, etc. TURQUOISE _Crystalline Form_: None. _Hardness_: 6. _Lustre_: Waxy. _Chemical Composition_: Dr. Smith gives the composition as a complex phosphate of Aluminium, iron and copper. _Chemical Symbol_: Dr. Smith gives Penfold’s formula as [Al(OH)_{2}Fe(OH)_{2},Cu(OH),H]_{3}PO_{4}, approaching nearly to H_{5}Al_{2}PO_{8}.