But the inevitable tendency to split up the unity of the divine force, a tendency that makes itself felt in all religions and among all peoples, soon asserted itself anew and in a different direction. As the people were no longer allowed, we may even say were no longer inclined, to go after foreign gods, they proceeded to develop the idea of divine messengers or intermediaries which had always formed part of the national faith, but had never been fully evolved. While Isaiah and Ezekiel both knew of a division of the angels into certain categories as, for example, cherubim, seraphim, hayyot (living creatures), ofanim (wheels) and arelim, there is no attempt at individualization, and the first mention of an angel’s name occurs in the Book of Daniel, which later critics are disposed to assign to the second century B.C. It is most natural to suppose that such names were known and were familiar to the people long before that time. When we read in the Book of Daniel, xii, 1: “And at that time shall Michael stand up, the great prince which standeth for the children of Israel,” it is easy to see that the idea that certain special qualities were attributed to this angel was deeply rooted in the popular mind. In a previous verse, x, 13, we read: “Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me,”—a conclusive proof that a hierarchy of angels had already been thought out. [Illustration] Fossil Amethystine Lapis Anhydrite Banded Hematite Coral of Quartz Lazuli About 2500 Agate About About 2000 the About 2500 About 2000 B.C. 2800 B.C. B.C. Devonian B.C. B.C. Period 1000 B.C. Amethystine Lapis Lazuli Aragonite-banded Amazon Stone Black Quartz 2000 B.C. or 3000 B.C. About 1500 Serpentine, Probably earlier B.C. hard and Assyrian of compact. 700 B.C. Seals of this type are generally as old as 2500 B.C. Marble, Jaspery Agate Aragonite Rock-Crystal Serpentine discolored by As late as Probably as old About 1200 (banded) fire About 800 B.C. as 3000 B.C. B.C. Probably as 2500 B.C. early as 2500 B.C.