=Chipman, Ward.= =W= Judge of Supreme Court, New Brunswick, 8; succeeds Saunders as chief justice, 74; resigns, 129. =T= Resigns as chief justice, 17. =Chippewa Indians.= A large tribe, of Algonquian stock, formerly ranging along both shores of Lakes Huron and Superior, and westward as far as North Dakota. First mentioned in the Jesuit _Relation_ of 1640, as living around Sault Ste. Marie. During the eighteenth century, they fought successfully against the Sioux, Foxes, and Iroquois. They numbered in 1764 about 25,000; and at the present time count over 30,000, of whom about one-half are on reservations in Canada. =Index=: =Hd= Sioux offer to attack, 148. =Bib.=: Hodge, _Handbook of American Indians_; Schoolcraft, _Indian Tribes_; Grant, _Sauteux Indians_ in Masson, _Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest_. =Chisholm, G. C.= =Sy= Sergeant-at-arms of Legislative Assembly, 334. =Chittenden, Thomas= (1730-1797). First governor of Vermont, 1778-1797. =Index=: =Hd= Claims separation of Vermont from New York, 201; negotiates with Haldimand, 202; General Washington's letter to, 212-213; Ira Allen's proposed treaty with, 214-215. =Bib.=: Chipman, _Thomas Chittenden_; _Cyc. Am. Biog._ =Choiseul, Étienne-François, Duc de= (1719-1785). Minister of foreign affairs; signed the treaty of 1759 with Austria; minister of war, 1761. =Index=: =WM= French minister, glad to get rid of Canada, 11. =Cholera Epidemic=, 1832 and 1834. =P= Imported by immigrants, 87; government blamed for neglect to provide quarantine, 88; committee formed to inquire into causes, etc., 88-89; one of the grievances in the Ninety-Two Resolutions, 89. _See also_ Epidemics. =Chouageun.= _See_ Oswega. =Chouart= _dit_ =des Groseilliers, Médard=. Born in France about 1621. Came to Canada, 1642. After serving the Jesuits for some years as a _donné_, or lay helper, engaged in the fur trade, and with his brother-in-law Radisson (_q.v._) made extensive explorations in the West and North, 1659-1663. With Radisson afterwards went to England and was instrumental in establishing the Hudson's Bay Company, and laying the foundations of its gigantic fur trading monopoly on the shores of Hudson Bay. =Bib.=: Dionne, _Chouart et Radisson_ (R. S. C., 1893); Sulte, _Radisson in the North-West_ (R. S. C., 1904); Sulte, _Découverte du Mississippi_ (R. S. C., 1903); Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Laut, _Pathfinders of the West_ and _Conquest of the Great North-West_. =Christian Doctrine, Brothers of the.= =L= Arrival of, in Canada, 125. =Christian Guardian.= =R= Founded at York (Toronto), 1829, 82; Egerton Ryerson, first editor, 82; exponent of Methodist views on religious, educational, and political questions, 82-83; its policy, 94-95; Ryerson's articles in, 96, 97, 98, 100, 109, 110, 134, 137. =Christie, Alexander.= =MS= Chief factor, Hudson's Bay Company, and later governor of Assiniboia, 222. =Bib.=: Ryerson, _Story of my Life_.