[Footnote 2: Graham Dalzell, _Darker Superstitions of Scotland_, p. 481.] [Footnote 3: See good evidence in _Ker of Kersland's Memoirs_.] [Footnote 4: Autus Gellius, xv. 18, Dio Cassius, lxvii., Crespet, _De la Haine du Diable, Procès de Jeanne d'Arc_.] [Footnote 5: See 'Shamanism in Siberia,' _J.A.I._, November 1894, pp. 147-149, and compare Scheffer. The article is very learned and interesting.] [Footnote 6: Williams mentions second sight in Fiji, but gives no examples.] [Footnote 7: _Primitive Culture,_ i. 447. Mr. Tylor cites Dr. Brinton's _Myths of the New World,_ p. 269. The reference in the recent edition is p. 289. Carver's case is given under the head 'Possession' later.] [Footnote 8: _Journal Historique_ p. 362; _Atlantic Monthly_, July 1866.] [Footnote 9: Probably _impepo_, eaten by seers, according to Callaway.] [Footnote 10: Callaway's _Religion of the Amazulu_, p. 358.] [Footnote 11: Oxford, 1674.] [Footnote 12: _Voyages_.] [Footnote 13: From Charlevoix, _Journal Historique_, p. 362.] [Footnote 14: Bastian, _Ueber psych. Beobacht_. p.21.] [Footnote 14: Op. cit. p.26.] [Footnote 15: Miss Kingsley, _Travels in West Africa_, p. 460.] [Footnote 16: _Primitive Culture_, ii, 181; Mason's _Burmah_, p. 107.] [Footnote 17: Schoolcraft, i. 394.] [Footnote 18: Brinton's _Religions of Primitive Peoples_, p. 57.] [Footnote 19: Purchas, p. 629.] [Footnote 20: S.P.R. _Proceedings_, vol. vi. 69.] [Footnote 21: Binet and Féré, _Animal Magnetism_, p. 64.] [Footnote 22: Vol. vii. Mrs. Sidgwick, pp. 30, 356; vol. vi. p. 66, Professor Richet, p. 407, Drs. Dufay and Azam.] [Footnote 23: The examples in the Old Testament, and in the _Life of St. Columba_ by Adamnan, need only be alluded to as too familiar for quotation.] V CRYSTAL VISIONS, SAVAGE AND CIVILISED Among savage methods of provoking hallucinations whence knowledge may be supernormally obtained, various forms of 'crystal-gazing' are the most curious. We find the habit of looking into water, usually in a vessel, preferably a glass vessel, among Red Indians (Lejeune), Romans (Varro, cited in _Civitas Dei_, iii. 457), Africans of Fez (Leo Africanus); while Maoris use a drop of blood (Taylor), Egyptians use ink (Lane), and Australian savages employ a ball of polished stone, into which the seer 'puts himself' to descry the results of an expedition.[1]