Philip II. (of Spain), last days of, 53, 54; his character, 81. Pierce, Franklin, elected President, 292, 294 (_note_). Pike, Zebulon M., explores the Arkansas, 198, 204 (_note_); in Kansas, 200; among the Pawnees, 200; ascends Pike's Peak, 202; lost in the mountains, 203; taken to Santa Fé, 203. Pike's Peak ascended and named, 202; first name for Colorado gold-mines, 309. Pimeria, 38, 39 (_note_). Platte River, 185, 191 (_note_). Platte Valley, Long explores it, 219. Polk, James K., 246 (and _note_). Ponce de Leon, Juan, discovers Florida, 6. Pony express, 316, 320 (_note_). Prairie du Chien, Joliet at, 87; Jonathan Carver at, 152; in 1803, 183. Prince Rupert founds Hudson's Bay Company, 134, 135 (_note_). Pursley, James, discovers gold in Colorado, 210. Quebec founded, 69; taken, 75. Robinson, Charles, in Kansas, 299; indicted for treason, 302, 307 (_note_). Russian American Company, 142. St. Charles (Mo.), 183 (_note_). San Diego visited, 59; mission at, 61. St. Domingo, 119, 123 (_note_). St. Genevieve, 183 (_note_). San Francisco, mission founded, 61. San Francisco in 1849, 282, 284 (_note_). Santa Fé founded, 37; in 1807, 206; taken by Gen. Kearney, 254. Santa Fé Trail, 229, 233 (_note_). San Jacinto, 243, 246 (_note_). St. Lawrence River, route of French discovery and settlement, 68; ascended by Cartier and Champlain, 69, 71 (_note_); the key of the continent, 69. St. Louis, rise of, 179; in 1803, 181, 182; in 1816, 227. St. Louis of Texas (La Salle's colony), 114, 117 (_note_). St. Paul, 107, 109 (_note_). St. Vrain's Fort, 235, 241 (_note_). Sacramento City founded, 283. Salt Lake City laid out, 266, 268 (_note_). Sandwich Islands, discovered, 144; named, 146 (_note_). Sault Ste. Marie, possession taken of the Great West by France, 79. Scott, Winfield, conquest of Mexico, 263. Sitka founded, 142 (_note_). Sioux, first meeting with whites, 77; Hennepin among, 106, 107, 109 (_note_). Sioux War (1876), 325. Slavery introduced by De Soto into Florida, 13; as practised by the Indians, 17 (_note_); African slavery in Louisiana, 127, 130 (_note_); excluded from the North-west Territory, 165; admitted to Missouri, 223-227; in Texas, 243, 244; become a sectional issue, 246; party formed to antagonize it, 247; petitions against, refused by Congress, 248; struggle over the admission of California, 287; contest in Kansas, 289. Southern Pacific Railway, 65. South Pass, Fremont sent to explore it, 234, 241 (_note_). South Sea, The. _See_ Pacific Ocean.