2. V. æstivàlis, Michx. (SUMMER GRAPE.) Branchlets terete; leaves large, entire or more or less deeply and obtusely 3--5-lobed, with short broad teeth, very woolly and mostly red or rusty when young; berries middle-sized, black with a bloom, in compact bunches.--Thickets; common. May, June. Berries pleasant, ripe in Sept.--V. BICOLOR, LeConte, has its leaves smoothish when old and pale or glaucous beneath; common north and westward. 3. V. cinèrea, Engelm. (DOWNY GRAPE.) Branchlets angular; pubescence whitish or grayish, persistent; leaves entire or slightly 3-lobed; inflorescence large and loose; berries small, black without bloom.--Central Ill. to Kan. and Tex. [++][++] _Leaves glabrous and mostly shining, or short-hairy especially on the ribs beneath, incisely lobed or undivided._ 4. V. cordifòlia, Michx. (FROST or CHICKEN GRAPE.) Leaves 3--4´ wide, not lobed or slightly 3-lobed, cordate with a deep acute sinus, acuminate, coarsely and sharply toothed; stipules small; inflorescence ample, loose; berries small, black and shining, very acerb, ripening after frosts; seeds 1 or 2, rather large, with a prominent rhaphe.--Thickets and stream-banks, New Eng. to central Ill., Mo., Neb., and southward. May, June. 5. V. ripària, Michx. Differing from the last in the larger and more persistent stipules (2--3´´ long), more shining and more usually 3-lobed leaves with a broad rounded or truncate sinus and large acute or acuminate teeth, smaller compact inflorescence, and berries (4--5´´ broad) with a bloom, sweet and very juicy, ripening from July to Sept.; seeds very small; rhaphe indistinct. (V. cordifolia, var. riparia, _Gray._)--Stream-banks or near water, W. New Eng. to Penn., west to Minn. and Kan. Eastward the berries are sour and ripen late. 6. V. palmàta, Vahl. Branches bright red; leaves dark green and dull, 3--5-lobed, with a broad sinus, the lobes usually long-acuminate; inflorescence large and loose; berries black, without bloom, ripening late; seeds very large and rounded; otherwise like n. 5. (V. rubra, _Michx._)--Ill. and Mo. 7. V. rupéstris, Scheele. (SAND or SUGAR GRAPE.) Usually low and bushy, often without tendrils; leaves rather small, shining, broadly cordate, abruptly pointed, with broad coarse teeth, rarely slightly lobed; berries rather small, sweet, in very small close bunches, ripe in Aug.--Mo. to Tex.; also found in Tenn., and reported from banks of the Potomac, near Washington. § 2. MUSCADÍNIA. _Bark closely adherent on the branches; pith continuous through the nodes; tendrils simple, intermittent; seeds with transverse wrinkles on both sides._