4. R. triflòrus, Richardson. (DWARF RASPBERRY.) Stems ascending (6--12´ high) or trailing, leaflets 3 (or pedately 5), rhombic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute at both ends, coarsely doubly serrate, thin, smooth; peduncle 1--3-flowered.--Wooded hillsides, Lab. to N. J., west to Minn. and Iowa. Sepals and petals often 6 or 7. This appears to be more properly a blackberry. [+][+] _Stems biennial and woody, prickly; receptacle oblong; fruit hemispherical._ 5. R. strigòsus, Michx. (WILD RED RASPBERRY.) _Stems upright_, and with the stalks, etc., _beset with stiff straight bristles_ (or a few becoming weak hooked prickles), glandular when young, somewhat glaucous; leaflets 3--5, oblong-ovate, pointed, cut-serrate, whitish-downy underneath, the lateral ones sessile; petals as long as the sepals; _fruit light red_.--Thickets and hills, Lab. to N. J., and south in the mountains to N. C., west to Minn. and Mo. 6. R. occidentàlis, L. (BLACK RASPBERRY. THIMBLEBERRY.) _Glaucous all over; stems recurved, armed_ like the stalks, etc., _with hooked prickles, not bristly_; leaflets 3 (rarely 5), ovate, pointed, coarsely doubly serrate, whitened-downy underneath, the lateral ones somewhat stalked; petals shorter than the sepals; _fruit purple-black_ (rarely a whitish variety), ripe early in July.--Common, especially northward.--An apparent hybrid (R. neglectus, _Peck_) between this and the last species occurs, with characters intermediate between the two, and growing with them. § 2. _Fruit, or collective drupes, not separating from the juicy prolonged receptacle, mostly ovate or oblong, blackish; stems prickly and flowers white._--BLACKBERRY. 7. R. villòsus, Ait. (COMMON or HIGH BLACKBERRY.) Shrubby (1--6° high), furrowed, _upright or reclining, armed with stout curved prickles_; branchlets, stalks, and lower surface of the leaves _hairy and glandular_; leaflets 3 (or pedately 5), ovate, pointed, unequally serrate, the terminal ones somewhat heart-shaped, conspicuously stalked; _flowers racemed, numerous_; bracts short; sepals linear-pointed, much shorter than the obovate-oblong spreading petals.--Borders of thickets, etc., common, and very variable in size, aspect, and shape of fruit.--Var. FRONDÒSUS, Torr., is smoother and much less glandular, with flowers more corymbose, leafy bracts and roundish petals. With the type, more common at the north.--Var. HUMIFÙSUS, Torr. & Gray, is smaller and trailing, with peduncles few-flowered. More common southward, and connecting with the next species. 8. R. Canadénsis, L. (LOW BLACKBERRY. DEWBERRY.) _Shrubby, extensively trailing, slightly prickly_; leaflets 3 (or pedately 5--7), oval or ovate-lanceolate, mostly pointed, thin, _nearly smooth_, sharply cut-serrate; flowers racemed, with leaf-like bracts.--Dry fields, common; Newf. to Va., west to central Minn. and E. Kan.