2. G. Virginiànum, L. _Bristly-hairy, especially the stout stem_; lower and root-leaves pinnate, very various, the upper mostly 3-parted or divided, incised; petals inconspicuous, shorter than the calyx; heads of fruit larger, on short stout peduncles hirsute with reflexed hairs; _receptacle glabrous_ or nearly so.--Borders of woods and low grounds; common. June--Aug. [*][*] _Petals golden-yellow, conspicuous, broadly-obovate, exceeding the calyx; stipules larger and all deeply cut._ 3. G. macrophýllum, Willd. Bristly-hairy, stout (1--3° high); root-leaves lyrately and interruptedly pinnate, with the _terminal leaflet very large and round-heart-shaped_; lateral leaflets of the stem-leaves 2--4, minute, the terminal roundish, 3-cleft, the _lobes wedge-form and rounded; receptacle nearly naked_.--N. Scotia and N. Eng. to Minn., Mo., and westward. June. (Eu.) 4. G. stríctum, Ait. Somewhat hairy (3--5° high); root-leaves interruptedly pinnate, the leaflets wedge-obovate; _leaflets of the stem-leaves 3--5, rhombic-ovate or oblong, acute; receptacle downy._--Moist meadows, Newf. to N. J., west to Minn., Kan., and westward. July, Aug. (Eu.) § 2. STÝLIPUS. _Styles smooth; head of fruit conspicuously stalked in the calyx; bractlets of the calyx none, otherwise nearly as § 1._ 5. G. vérnum, Torr. & Gray. Somewhat pubescent; stems ascending, few-leaved, slender; root-leaves roundish-heart-shaped, 3--5-lobed, or some of them pinnate, with the lobes cut; petals yellow, about the length of the calyx; receptacle smooth.--Thickets, Penn. to Ill., south to Ky. and Tex. April--June. § 3. CARYOPHYLLÀTA. _Style jointed and bent in the middle, the upper joint plumose; flowers large; calyx erect or spreading; petals erect._ 6. G. rivàle, L. (WATER, or PURPLE AVENS.)--Stems nearly simple, several-flowered (2° high); root-leaves lyrate and interruptedly pinnate, those of the stem few, 3-foliolate or 3-lobed; petals dilated-obovate, retuse, contracted into a claw, purplish-orange; head of fruit stalked in the brown-purple calyx.--Bogs and wet meadows, Newf. to N. J., west to Minn. and Mo.--Flowers nodding; pedicels erect in fruit. (Eu.) § 4. SIEVÉRSIA. _Style not jointed, wholly persistent and straight; head of fruit sessile; flowers large; calyx erect or spreading. (Flowering stems simple, and bearing only bracts or small leaves.)_ 7. G. triflòrum, Pursh. Low, softly-hairy; root-leaves interruptedly pinnate; leaflets very numerous and crowded, oblong-wedge-form, deeply cut-toothed; flowers 3 or more on long peduncles; _bractlets linear, longer than the purple calyx, as long as the oblong purplish erect petals; styles very long (2´), strongly plumose in fruit_.--Rocks, Lab. and northern N. Eng., to Minn. and Mo., rare. April--June.