4. R. Sàyi, Schwein. Stems usually low (1--2° high), _very prickly; stipules usually dilated_, glandular-ciliate and resinous; _leaflets 3--7_, broadly elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, _sessile and obtuse or subcordate at base, resinous-puberulent and teeth serrulate_; flowers large, solitary (very rarely 2 or 3); outer sepals usually with 1 or 2 narrow lateral lobes, not hispid.--N. Mich. and Wisc. to Minn. and Col. 5. R. Arkansàna, Porter. Stems low, _very prickly; stipules narrow_, more or less glandular-toothed above (or even glandular-ciliate); _leaflets 7--11_, broadly elliptical to oblong-oblanceolate, _subcuneate at base_, sessile or petiolulate, _simply toothed, not resinous_; flowers corymbose; _sepals rarely hispid, the outer lobed_.--Minn. to Mo. and W. Tex., west to Col. [+][+][+] _Fruit globose; infrastipular spines present._ 6. R. Woòdsii, Lindl. Stems usually low (¼--3° high), with slender straight or recurved spines, sometimes with scattered prickles, or wholly unarmed above; leaflets 5--7, obovate to oblong or lanceolate, more or less toothed; flowers corymbose or solitary; sepals naked or hispid, the outer usually lobed; fruit globose with a short neck.--Minn. to Mo., west to Col. [*][*][*] _Styles distinct; sepals spreading after flowering and deciduous; infrastipular spines usually present, often with scattered prickles; sepals, globose receptacle, and pedicel usually hispid; teeth simple; pubescence not resinous._ [+] _Leaflets mostly finely many-toothed._ 7. R. Carolìna, L. Stems usually tall (1--7° high), with stout straight or usually more or less curved spines; stipules long and very narrow; leaflets dull green, 5--9 (usually 7), usually narrowly oblong and acute at each end and petiolulate, but often broader, usually pubescent beneath.--Borders of swamps and streams, N. Scotia to Fla., west to Minn. and Miss. [+][+] _Leaflets coarsely toothed._ 8. R. lùcida, Ehrh. Stems often tall and stout (a few inches to 6° high), _with at length stout and usually more or less hooked spines; stipules_ usually naked, _more or less dilated; leaflets_ (mostly 7) dark green, rather thick, _smooth and often shining above_; flowers corymbose or solitary; outer sepals frequently with 1 or 2 small lobes.--Margins of swamps or moist places, Newf. to N. Eng., N. Y., and E. Penn. 9. R. hùmilis, Marsh. Stems usually low (1--3°) and more slender, less leafy, with _straight slender spines_, spreading or sometimes reflexed; _stipules narrow_, rarely somewhat dilated; leaflets as in the last, but usually thinner and paler; flowers very often solitary; _outer sepals always more or less lobed_. (R. lucida of most authors.)--Mostly in dry soil or on rocky slopes, Maine to Ga., west to Minn., Mo., Ind. Terr., and La.