4. V. Woodsiàna, Walp. Fruit 1´´ long or more; fertile cell ovate, tipped with a tooth; empty ones inflated, with oblong depression (sometimes an open cavity) in the middle.--Moist grounds, N. Y. and Penn. to Tex. Var. umbilicàta, Gray. Empty cells becoming confluent, vesicular by incurvation of the circular margin, forming a deep and round umbilication. (Fedia umbilicata, _Sulliv._)--N. Y. to Ohio and southward. Var. patellària, Gray. Fruit saucer-shaped, emarginate at base and apex, winged by the divergent cells. (Fedia patellaria, _Sulliv._)--Same range. ORDER 54. DIPSÀCEÆ. (TEASEL FAMILY.) _Herbs, with opposite or whorled leaves, no stipules, and the flowers in dense heads, surrounded by an involucre, as in the_ Composite Family; _but the stamens are distinct, and the suspended seed has albumen._--Represented by the following introduced species and by the cultivated Sweet Scabious (_Scabiosa atropurpurea_). 1. DÍPSACUS, Tourn. TEASEL. Involucre many-leaved, longer than the chaffy leafy-tipped and pointed bracts among the densely capitate flowers; each flower with a 4-leaved calyx-like involucel investing the ovary and fruit (achene). Calyx-tube coherent with the ovary, the limb cup-shaped, without a pappus. Corolla nearly regular, 4-cleft. Stamens 4, inserted on the corolla. Style slender.--Stout and coarse biennials, hairy or prickly, with large oblong heads. (Name from διψάω, _to thirst_, probably because the united cup-shaped bases of the leaves in some species hold water.) 1. D. SYLVÉSTRIS, Mill. (WILD TEASEL.) Prickly; leaves lance-oblong; leaves of the involucre slender, longer than the head; bracts (chaff) tapering into a long flexible awn with a straight point.--Roadsides; rather rare. (Nat. from Eu.) Suspected to be the original of 2. D. FULLÒNUM, L., the FULLER'S TEASEL, which has a shorter involucre, and stiff chaff to the heads, with hooked points, used for raising a nap upon woollen cloth; it has escaped from cultivation in some places. (Adv. from Eu.) (Addendum) 2. SCABIOSA, Tourn. SCABIOUS. Characters of Dipsacus, but the green leaves of the involucre and involucels not rigid nor spinescent. (Name from _scabies_, the itch, from its use as a remedy.) S. AUSTRÀLIS, Wulf. Perennial, sparsely branched, nearly glabrous, 1½--3° high; leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear, the lower oblanceolate, slightly toothed or entire; heads short-oblong; calyx obtusely short-lobed; corolla pale blue.--Central N. Y. and Penn.; rare. (Adv. from Eu.) ORDER 55. COMPÓSITÆ. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.)