87. Leontodon. Involucre calyculate. Achenes fusiform. Leaves radical. 88. Picris. Outer involucral scales spreading. Achenes terete. Stems leafy. [*][*][*][*] Pappus composed entirely of capillary bristles, not plumose. [+] Achenes not flattened, columnar or terete, often slender. [++] Achenes not beaked. [=] Flowers yellow or orange. 89. Hieracium. Involucre imbricated. Pappus tawny. Pilose perennials. 90. Crepis. Involucral scales in one row. Pappus white, soft. Not pilose. [=][=] Flowers white or cream color or pinkish. Involucre calyculate. 91. Prenanthes. Achenes short, blunt. Pappus tawny or brown. Stems leafy and heads often nodding. 92. Lygodesmia. Achenes long, tapering. Pappus white. Stems nearly leafless; heads erect. Western. [++][++] Achenes beaked (sometimes beakless in n. 93). Flowers yellow. 93. Troximon. Scapose. Involucre loosely imbricated. Achenes 10-ribbed. 94. Taraxacum. Scapose. Involucre calyculate. Achenes 4--5-ribbed. 95. Pyrrhopappus. Scapose or branched. Pappus reddish, the base surrounded by a soft villous ring. 96. Chondrilla. Stem branching, leafy. Involucre few-flowered, calyculate. Pappus white. [+][+] Achenes flat or flattish. Pappus white, fine and soft. Involucre imbricated. Leafy-stemmed, with panicled heads. 97. Lactuca. Achenes more or less beaked. Flowers yellow or purplish. 98. Sonchus. Achenes flattish, not at all beaked. Flowers yellow. The technical characters of the tribes, taken from the styles, require a magnifying-glass to make them out, and will not always be clear to the student. The following artificial analysis, founded upon other and more obvious distinctions, will be useful to the beginner. Artificial Key to the Genera of the Tubulifloræ. § 1. Rays or ligulate flowers none; corollas all tubular (or rarely none). [*] 1. Flowers of the head all perfect and alike. Pappus composed of bristles: Double, the outer of very short, the inner of longer bristles No. 2 Simple, the bristles all of the same sort. Heads few-flowered, themselves aggregated into a compound or dense cluster 1 Heads separate, few-flowered or many-flowered. Receptacle (when the flowers are pulled off) bristly-hairy 78, 79, 80 Receptacle deeply honeycomb-like 81 Receptacle naked. Pappus of plumose or bearded stiff bristles. Flowers purple 8 Pappus of very plumose bristles. Flowers whitish 6 Pappus of slender but rather stiff rough bristles 4, 5, 7, 9, 16 Pappus of very soft and weak naked bristles 76, 77 Pappus composed of scales or chaff. Receptacle naked. Leaves in whorls 3