Heads many-flowered. Receptacle deeply honeycombed 58 Heads many-flowered. Receptacle naked 62, 63 Heads many-flowered. Receptacle chaffy 64 [*] 5. Pappus none, or a cup or crown, or of 2 or 3 awns, teeth, or chaffy scales corresponding with the edges or angles of the achene, often with intervening minute bristles or scales. [+] Receptacle naked. Achene flat, wing-margined. Pappus of separate little bristles and usually 2--4 awns 22 Achene flat, marginless. Pappus none. Receptacle conical 19 Achene terete or angled. Pappus none. Receptacle flattish 69 Achene angled. Pappus a little cup or crown (or none). Receptacle conical 20, 68 Achene fusiform. Pappus of few scales, usually with alternating awns 21 [+][+] Receptacle chaffy. Rays neutral (rarely pistillate but sterile); the disk-flowers perfect and fertile. Receptacle mostly elevated (varying from convex to columnar), and Chaffy only at the summit; the chaff deciduous. Pappus none 66 Chaffy throughout. Achene flattened laterally if at all 48, 49, 50, 52, 54 Receptacle flat or flattish. Achene flattened, parallel with the scales or chaff 55, 56 Receptacle flat. Achene terete, 2-awned 57 Rays pistillate and fertile; the disk-flowers also perfect and fertile. Achene much flattened laterally, 1--2-awned 53 Achene flattened parallel with the scales and chaff. Pappus none 67 Achene 3--4-angular, terete or laterally flattish, awnless. Receptacle convex or conical. Leaves alternate, dissected 66 Receptacle conical. Leaves opposite, simple. Achene obovoid. Involucre a leafy cup 45 Achene 4-angular. Involucre of separate scales 47 Receptacle flat. Leaves opposite and simple 46, 51 Rays pistillate and fertile; the disk-flowers staminate and sterile (pistil imperfect). Receptacle chaffy 36-41 1. ELEPHÁNTOPUS, L. ELEPHANT'S-FOOT. Heads discoid, 2--5-flowered, several together clustered into a compound pedunculate head; flowers perfect. Involucre narrow, flattened, of 8 oblong dry scales. Achenes 10-ribbed; pappus of stout bristles, chaffy-dilated at the base.--Perennials, with alternate leaves and purplish flowers. (Name composed of ἔλεφας, _elephant_, and ποῦς, _foot_.) [*] _Stem leafy; upper leaves very like the basal._