Leaves entire, lower not cordate, cauline sessile with cordate-clasping base 16 Involucre (and branchlets) viscid or glandular; leaves not cordate, mostly entire, the cauline all sessile or clasping 9--13 Lower leaves all acute at base; not glandular nor viscid nor silky-canescent. Smooth and glabrous, usually glaucous; scales coriaceous at base; leaves firm, usually entire 25--30 Hoary-pubescent or hirsute; scales squarrose; stem-leaves small, linear, entire 31, 32 Scales closely imbricated, not coriaceous at base; branches divaricate; heads many, small 33--35 Remaining species; branches erect or ascending. Stem-leaves auriculate-clasping or with winged-petiole-like base; involucre lax 42--45 Stem-leaves sessile, but rarely cordate or auriculate at base 36--41 § 1. HELIÁSTRUM. _Pappus simple, coarse and rigid, the stronger bristles somewhat clavate; scales rigid, more or less foliaceous, nearly equal._ 1. A. paludòsus, Ait. Stems 1° high; glabrous or nearly so; heads ½´ high, rather few, racemose or spicate; outer scales lax, foliaceous; rays purple; leaves linear, entire.--Mo. to Tex., thence to Car. and Ga. § 2. BIÒTIA. _Involucre obovoid-bell-shaped; the scales regularly imbricated in several rows, appressed, nearly destitute of herbaceous tips; rays 6--18 (white or nearly so); achenes slender; pappus slightly rigid, simple; lower leaves large, heart-shaped, petioled, coarsely serrate; heads in open corymbs._ 2. A. corymbòsus, Ait. _Stem slender_, somewhat zigzag; _leaves thin, smoothish, coarsely and unequally serrate with sharp spreading teeth, taper-pointed_, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, all but the uppermost heart-shaped at the base and on slender naked petioles; _rays 6--9_.--Woodlands; common; especially northward. July, Aug.--Plant 1--2° high, with smaller heads, looser corymbs, rounder and less rigid exterior involucral scales, and thinner leaves than the next; not rough, but sometimes pubescent. 3. A. macrophýllus, L. _Stem stout and rigid_ (2--3° high); _leaves thickish, rough, closely serrate_, abruptly pointed; the lower heart-shaped (4--10´ long, 3--6´ wide), long-petioled; the upper ovate or oblong, sessile or on margined petioles; heads in ample rigid corymbs; _rays 10--15_ (white or bluish).--Moist woods; common northward, and southward along the mountains. Aug., Sept.--Involucre ½´ broad; the outer scales rigid, oblong or ovate-oblong, the innermost much larger and thinner.