38. A. salicifòlius, Ait. Like the last; the leaves commonly shorter, firmer, often scabrous, less serrate or entire; involucre more imbricated, the firmer linear scales with shorter acute or obtusish green tips; heads as large, disposed to be thyrsoid or racemose-clustered; rays rarely white. (A. carneus, previous ed.)--Low grounds, N. Eng. to Minn., and southward; most abundant westward.--Var. SUBÁSPER, Gray, a rigid scabrous form, with contracted leafy inflorescence, the broad heads usually leafy-bracteate and the broader scales often obtuse. Ill. to Tex. [=][=] _Heads small or middle-sized, the looser linear scales somewhat equal and erect, and the acute green tips not dilated, the outer often wholly herbaceous._ 39. A. júnceus, Ait. Slender, 1--3° high, simple with few heads or loosely branching; leaves linear or narrow, 3--5´ long, entire or the lower sparsely denticulate; heads small (3´´ high); scales small, narrow, in 2 or 3 rows, the outer more or less shorter; rays light purple, 4--5´´ long. (A. æstivus, previous ed., mainly.)--Wet meadows and cold bogs, N. Scotia and N. Y. to Mich. and Minn. 40. A. longifòlius, Lam. (not of previous ed.) Stem 1--3° high, more or less branched and corymbosely panicled; leaves long-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate (3--7´ long), narrowed to both ends, entire or sparsely serrulate; heads 4--5´´ high, the scales nearly equal and usually little imbricated, the outer looser; rays 3--4´´ long, violet or purplish, rarely whitish.--Low grounds, Lab. and northern N. Eng. to Minn.--Var. VILLICAÙLIS, Gray, a low simple form, with few or solitary heads, and the stem and midrib of the leaves densely white-villous beneath. N. Maine, at Fort Kent (_Miss Furbish_). [=][=][=] _Heads middle-sized; scales in few to several rows, more or less unequal, linear to spatulate, more herbaceous and firmer, the tips often slightly spreading or squarrose._