45. A. puníceus, L. Stem tall and stout 3--7° high, rough-hairy all over or in lines, usually purple below, panicled above; leaves oblong-lanceolate, not narrowed or but slightly so to the auricled base, coarsely serrate to sparingly denticulate in the middle, rough above, nearly smooth beneath, pointed; heads 4--6´´ high, subsessile; scales narrowly linear, acute, loose, equal, in about 2 rows; rays long and showy (lilac-blue, paler in shade).--Low thickets and swamps, very common.--Var. LÆVICAÙLIS, Gray; stem mostly green, smooth and naked below, sparsely hirsute above, 1--3° high; leaves serrate.--Var. LUCÍDULUS, Gray; the very leafy stems glabrous or sparingly hispidulous; leaves lanceolate, entire or slightly denticulate, glabrous and somewhat shining; heads usually numerous, the scales less loose and less attenuate. § 4. DŒLLINGÈRIA. _Pappus manifestly double, the inner of long capillary bristles (some thickened at top), the outer of very short and rigid bristles; scales short, without herbaceous tips; heads small, corymbose or solitary; rays rather few, white; leaves not rigid, veiny._ 46. A. umbellàtus, Mill. Smooth, leafy to the top (2--7° high); _leaves lanceolate, elongated, taper-pointed_ and tapering at the base (3--6´ long); heads very numerous in compound flat corymbs; involucral scales rather close, obtusish, scarcely longer than the achenes. (Diplopappus umbellatus, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Moist thickets; common, especially northward. Aug.--Var. PÙBENS, Gray; the lower surface of the leaves and the branchlets tomentulose. Upper Mich. to Minn.--Var. LATIFÒLIUS, Gray; with shorter leaves ovate-lanceolate to ovate, less narrowed or even rounded at base. (D. amygdalinus, _Torr. & Gray_.) Pine barrens, etc., N. J., Penn., and southward. 47. A. infírmus, Michx. Stem slender, often flexuous, 1--3° high, less leafy, bearing few or several heads on divergent peduncles; leaves obovate to ovate or oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at base and ciliate, the midrib hairy beneath; scales more imbricated, thicker and more obtuse; pappus more rigid. (D. cornifolius, _Darl._)--Open woodlands, E. Mass. to Tenn., and southward. § 5. IÁNTHE. _Pappus less distinctly double, the inner of bristles not thickened at top, the outer shorter; scales well imbricated, appressed, without herbaceous tips; rays violet; achenes narrow, villous; leaves numerous, rigid, small, linear, 1-nerved and veinless._ 48. A. linariifòlius, L. Stems 3--20´ high, several from a woody root; heads solitary or terminating simple branches, rather large; leaves about 1´ long, rough-margined, passing above into the rigid acutish scales. (D. linariifolius, _Hook_.)--Dry soil, common. Sept., Oct. Ray rarely white. § 6. ORTHÓMERIS. _Pappus simple; scales imbricated, appressed, without herbaceous tips, often scarious-edged or dry. Perennial, as all the preceding._